大岗山植物群落物种多样性与群落结构研究

Species Diversity and Structure of Tree Population in Dagangshan

物种多样性是生物多样性的基本层次,不仅体现生物种类的丰富程度,也表现物种演化的空间范围及对特定环境的生态适应性。群落结构是研究植物历史动态的基础,在认识明确物种间生长竞争关系的同时,反映着群落演替的趋势。本研究以江西省大岗山为研究区,基于62个样地,共计3.72 hm2面积调查结果,对大岗山植物群落的物种多样性和群落结构进行分析。结果表明:群落内共有植物486种,隶属于120科286属,其中单种属占总数的66.43%,杉木在群落中处于优势地位;大岗山处于亚热带地区,具有过渡带性质,种子植物属包括13个分布类型,其中包含9个中国特有属;香农-威纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数、辛普森(Simpson)多样性指数、皮诺(Pielou)均匀度指数在各生长层的分布趋势基本一致,灌木层优势明显,草本层略高于乔木层。群落整体物种多样性指数较高,物种较丰富;按样带划分,2号样带物种最丰富,1号样带略低于其他样带。但1、2号样带群落相似性最高,3、4号样带物种多样性指数相差较小,但群落差异最大。

Species diversity is the most basic level of biodiversity,which not only reflects the richness of biological species,but also the spatial scope of species evolution and the ecological adaptability to specific environments.Struc-ture is the basis for studying the historical dynamics of plants,and while understanding and clarifying the growth com-petition relationship between species,it reflects the trend of community succession.Based on the results of 62 plots with a total area of 3.72 hm2,the species diversity and structure of tree populations of Dagangshan were analyzed.There were 486 species of plants in the community,belonging to 286 genera of 120 families,of which single species accounted for 66.43%of the total,and China fir were in a dominant position in the community.Dagangshan is located in the subtropical region and has the nature of transition zone.The genus of seed plants included 13 distribution types,and 9 genera with endemic components in China.Shannon-Weiner index,Simpson index and Pielou index were basically the same in the distribution trend of each growth layer.The advantage of shrub layer was obvious.The herbaceous layer was slightly higher than the arbor layer.The overall species diversity index of the community was higher and the species were more abundant.By sample belt,the 2nd sample was the most abundant,and the 1st sample was slightly lower than the others.However,the community similarity was the highest in the 1st and 2nd belts,and the difference in species diversity indices in the 3rd and 4th samples was small,but the community differences were the largest.