2022年冬季海洋天气评述

Winter 2022 marine weather review

2022年冬季(2022年12月—2023年2月)北半球大气环流特征为:北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,中高纬环流呈3波型,西风带槽脊较常年同期明显偏强。西北太平洋和南海共生成1个热带气旋,全球其他海域共生成热带气旋11个。我国近海出现15次8级以上大风过程,其中冷空气大风过程为10次,温带气旋大风过程为2次,冷空气与热带低值系统共同影响的大风天气过程为1次,冷空气和温带气旋共同影响的大风过程为2次。近海出现2.0 m以上大浪过程为17次。出现大范围的海雾过程为4次,主要在渤海、渤海海峡、黄海、北部湾、琼州海峡及雷州半岛沿岸海域。近海海域明显降温,北部海域的降温幅度大于南部海域,海面温度自北向南的温差由2022年12月的26℃增大至2023年2月的30℃。

The main characteristics of the atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere in winter(from December 2022 to February 2023)2022 are as follows.The polar vortex is characterized by a dipole type and three-wave mode in the middle and high latitudes,and the troughs and ridges in the westerlies are significantly stronger than the historical average.One tropical cyclone is generated over western North Pacific and the South China Sea and 11 tropical cyclones over the world’s other oceans.There are 15 gale processes(above Beaufort scale 8)over offshore areas of China,including 10 produced by cold air,two by extratropical cyclones,two under both,and one by cold air and tropical low system.Seventeen rough sea wave processes(above 2.0 m)are observed in China’s offshore areas.Four large-scale sea fog processes occur in offshore areas,mainly in the Bohai Sea,the Bohai Strait,the Yellow Sea,the Beibu Gulf,the Qiongzhou Strait,and coastal waters of Leizhou Peninsula.The sea surface temperature(SST)has an overall trend of decrease,while the decrease rate in the northern seas is larger than that in the southern seas;the SST difference in winter from north to south increases from 26℃in December 2022 to 30℃in February 2023.