论专利诉讼开放型科学证据体系的构建

On the Construction of an Open Scientific Evidence System for Patent Litigation

为应对专利诉讼中复杂的专门性问题,我国在庭审实践中引入了专家鉴定人、专家辅助人、技术调查官和专家陪审员等诉讼参与人,以帮助法官理解专门性知识。这一做法旨在回归教育模式,防范专家代替法官裁判的风险。由于我国现行法定证据种类的限制,司法鉴定范围无法涵盖大部分专利专门性问题,现有的科学证据审查规则也难以解决新的专门性证据审查问题。为此,我国需要突破证据种类法定的限制,从封闭性的司法鉴定体系走向开放型的专门性证据体系。该体系的构建可以分三步进行:首先统一确立专家证人制度;其次实现专利诉讼中科学证据应用模式的统一;最后参考相关国家和地区证据规则,优化我国的科学证据体系。

To address the complex technical issues in patent litigation,China has introduced various litigation participants such as expert appraisers,technical investigators,and expert jurors to assist judges in understanding technical knowledge.This approach aims to return to an educational model and prevent the risk of experts replacing judges in making judgments.However,due to the limitations of the current legal evidence types in China,the scope of judicial appraisal cannot cover most technical issues related to patents,and existing rules for scientific evidence review are unable to address new technical evidence review issues.Therefore,China needs to remove the legal limitations on evidence types and transition from a closed judicial appraisal system to an open scientific evidence system.The construction of this system can be divided into three steps:firstly,it is necessary to establish a unified system for expert witness testimony;secondly,it is necessary to achieve a unified application model for scientific evidence in patent litigation;and finally,it is necessary to optimize China's scientific evidence system by referring to relevant evidence rules in other countries and regions.