城市滨水地带野境草本植物多样性与群落结构研究——以福州地区典型水域为例

Study on the Diversity and Community Structure of WildHerbaceous Plants in Urban Waterfront Areas——A Case Study of the Typical Waters in Fuzhou

城市滨水地带由于有着得天独厚的自然条件,在野境植物设计方面比其他地区拥有更佳的体验感和更强的可塑性。为营建具有地域特色、低维护、低消耗的滨水绿地景观提供基础材料,对福州滨水绿地的野境植物群落进行调查,研究其种类组成特点。结果表明,福州城市滨水地带调研区野境草本植物31科62属66种,以禾本科和菊科为主,多年生植物均比1、2年生的比例高,乡土植物占优势。对滨水地带野境植物群落特征进行总结,发现可达性低的地区植被群落结构趋于多层而复杂,其中天胡荽Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.、再力花Thalia dealbata Fraser等重要值较大;基于此整理分析出具有观赏性的植物如金鸡菊Coreopsis basalis(A.Dietr.)S.F.Blake、芦苇Phragmites australis(Cav.)Trin.ex Steud等,最后提出通过筛选保留、植被管理等方式促进野境植物自然再生能力,发挥野境植物在修复城市滨水空间灰色地带的作用。

Due to its advantaged natural conditions,the urban waterfront area had better sense of experience and stronger plasticity in the design of wild plants than other areas.In order to provide basic materials for the construction of waterfront green space landscape with regional characteristics,low maintenance and low consumption,the wild plant communities in the waterfront green space of Fuzhou were investigated and their species composition characteristics were studied.The results showed that there were 66 species of wild herbaceous plants belonging to 62 genera and 31 families in the urban waterfront research area of Fuzhou,among which Gramineae and Asteraceae were the main ones.The proportion of perennial plants was higher than that of 1-year-old and 2-year-old plants,and the native plants were dominant.The community characteristics of wild plants in the waterfront areas were summarized,and it was found that the vegetation community structure in the areas with low accessibility tended to be multi-layered and complex,among which the important values of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.and Thalia dealbata Fraser were larger.Based on this,the ornamental plants such as Coreopsis basalis(A.Dietr.)S.F.Blake,Phragmites australis(Cav.)Trin.ex Steud,etc.were sorted out and analyzed.Finally,it was proposed to promote the natural regeneration ability of wild plants by means of screening&retention,and vegetation management,so as to play the role of wild plants in repairing the grey zone of urban waterfront space.