三峡水运新通道建设对升船机上闸首水位波动影响研究

Influence of the Three Gorges new channel on water level fluctuationnear the ship lift upper head

三峡水运新通道是解决枢纽通航能力不足,充分发挥长江黄金水道功能,促进区域综合立体交通运输体系协调发展的重大举措。新通道建设对三峡升船机运行的影响是工程建设前期需论证解决的技术问题之一。通过三峡枢纽整体物理模型,以三峡库区145.0 m水位作为典型试验工况,研究了新通道船闸、已建船闸以及四线船闸灌水运行对升船机上闸首水位波动影响规律。结果表明:新通道船闸灌水波在传播过程中经边界绕射、反射及水深变化作用,至升船机上闸首处波动幅度衰减较为明显,新通道船闸单线灌水引起的升船机上闸首最大波高仅为3.1 cm,双线船闸同时灌水导致的最大波高为9.6 cm,对升船机上游通航条件影响不大;新通道船闸建成后四线船闸灌水运行对升船机上游通航条件影响的最不利工况为新通道双线船闸同时灌水后间隔3 min已建双线船闸同时灌水,引起的升船机上闸首处最大波高47.7 cm;新通道船闸建成后三峡升船机上引航道水位波动仍主要受控于已建船闸灌水运行,在船闸调度中需避开已建船闸同时灌水运行工况,以保证升船机上引航道通航条件。

The new channel of the Three Gorges promotes the coordinated development of the regional comprehensive three-dimensional transportation system.It is an important measure to solve the shortage of navigation capacity of the hub,giving full play to the function of the golden waterway of the Yangtze River.The influence of the new channel construction on the operation of the Three Gorges ship lift is one of the important technical problems to be proved and solved in the early stage of the project construction.Based on the overall physical model of the Three Gorges Project,the influence of filling operations of the new passage lock,the existing lock and the four-lane lock on water level fluctuation of the lock head of the ship lift was studied.The results indicate that the filling water waves in the new lock are influenced by boundary diffraction,reflection and water depth variation,with the wave amplitude decreasing significantly.The maximum wave height near the upper head caused by the single new lock operation was 3.1 cm,and the maximum value increased to 9.6 cm when double new locks run together,having a little influence on navigation conditions.The most unfavourable upstream navigable condition is the four-line locks operating with 3 min interval,with new locks running first,causing a 47.7 cm wave height near the upper head of the ship lift.Although the navigation condition of the approach channel of the Three Gorges ship lift is mainly controlled by the filling operation of the existing lock,the simultaneous filling operation of the existing locks should be avoided in lock dispatching to ensure the navigable conditions of the approach channel on the ship lift.