状态焦虑对警校生注意转换能力的影响

Effect of state anxiety on attention switchingability of police students

目的:探讨警校生的状态焦虑对注意转换能力的影响。方法:对某警校415名学警施测状态—特质焦虑问卷的特质焦虑分量表(T-AI),为排除特质焦虑对状态焦虑的影响,得分由高至低排列,随机选取排名靠后27%中的40名警校生作为研究对象,通过数字减法任务诱发状态焦虑,采用大小奇偶转换任务(More-Odd Shifting任务)考察注意转换能力,实验设计为2(被试类型:状态焦虑警校生和非状态焦虑警校生)×3(任务类型:单一任务、重复任务和转换任务)混合实验设计,记录被试的反应时和正确率。结果:①状态焦虑组状态焦虑问卷实验后得分显著高于实验前得分(t=-2.67,P<0.05),非状态焦虑组状态焦虑问卷实验前后得分差异不显著(t=-0.81,P>0.05);②被试类型主效应显著(F=12.21,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2 )=0.25),状态焦虑组平均反应时显著大于非状态焦虑组;任务类型主效应显著(F=442.49,P<0.001,η_(p)^(2 )=0.93),两组被试在单一任务、重复任务和转换任务上的反应时依次递增;交互作用显著(F=4.42,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2 )=0.11),两组被试在单一任务、重复任务和转换任务上的反应时两两差异显著;③两组被试的转换代价差异显著(t=2.99,P<0.05),混合代价差异不显著(t=0.63,P>0.05),在不同任务类型上的正确率差异不显著(F=1.45,P>0.05)。结论:状态焦虑减弱了警校生的注意转换能力,表现在转换代价而非混合代价上。

Objective:To explore the influence of state anxiety on attention switching ability of police students.Methods:Using convenient sampling method,415 police students from a police school were tested with the T-AI of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI).In order to eliminate the influence of trait anxiety on state anxiety,the scores were ranked from high to low,40 police students from the bottom 27%were randomly selected as the subjects of this study.State anxiety was induced by digital subtraction task,and More-Odd Shifting paradigm was adopted to investigate the ability of attention switching.A 2(type of subjects:state anxiety police students vs.non state anxiety police students)×3(Task type:single task vs.repeated task vs.switching task)mixed design was conducted,where the reaction times and accuracy of the subjects was recorded.Results:①The scores of the state anxiety questionnaire in the state anxiety group after the experiment were significantly higher than those before the experiment(t=-2.67,P<0.05),while the scores of the state anxiety questionnaire in the non state anxiety group before and after the experiment were not significantly different;②The main effect of subject type was significant(F=12.21,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2 )=0.25),the average reaction time of the state anxiety group was significantly higher than that of the non state anxiety group;The main effect of task type was significant(F=442.49,P<0.001,η_(p)^(2 )=0.93),the average reaction time of the two groups increased gradually in single task,repeated task and switching task;The interaction was significant(F=4.42,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2 )=0.11),and there were significant difference between the two groups in the reaction times of the three types of tasks;③There was significant difference in switch cost between the two groups(t=2.99,P<0.05),no significant difference in mixing cost(P>0.05),and no significant difference in accuracy in different task types(P>0.05).Conclusion:State anxiety weakens the ability of attention switching of police students,which is manifested in switch cost rather than mixing cost.