父母教养方式与心理资本、社交焦虑的关系:基于潜在剖面模型

Relationship between parenting style,psychological capital and social anxiety:Based on latent profile model

目的:采用潜在剖面分析技术对中学生的父母教养方式进行分类,探讨父母教养方式的潜在类别与社交焦虑、心理资本的关系。方法:采用问卷调查的方式对2382名中学生进行研究,研究工具包括简式父母教养方式量表、社交焦虑问卷和心理资本问卷。结果:中学生的父母教养方式存在3种潜在类别:积极教养组(50.9%)、矛盾教养组(41.4%)和消极教养组(7.7%);年龄、年级、父母职业以及父母受教育程度对中学生父母教养方式潜在类别分组无显著影响,性别有助于预测中学生父母教养方式所属的类别组,相比于男生,女生属于积极教养组的概率更大(OR=1.561);不同类型的父母教养方式剖面在社交焦虑和心理资本得分上均存在显著差异(χ^(2)=203.354,61.548,P<0.001),消极教养组的社交焦虑得分显著高于矛盾教养组的社交焦虑得分,而矛盾教养组的社交焦虑得分显著高于积极教养组的社交焦虑得分;积极教养组的心理资本得分显著高于矛盾教养组和消极教养组的心理资本得分,而矛盾教养组与消极教养组的心理资本得分没有显著差异。结论:父母教养方式能够预测中学生的社交焦虑与心理资本水平,积极教养下的中学生其心理资本水平高,社交焦虑水平低,启示父母在日常教育中应该给予孩子相应的情感温暖,减少对孩子否定以及拒绝的行为,尤其重要的是,父母应该对孩子保持一贯的行为方式和态度,让孩子成长在一个和谐稳定的家庭环境中,这对个体的心理资本与社交能力的发展意义重大。

Objective:To classify the parental rearing patterns of middle school students by latent profile analysis,and to explore the relationship between the potential categories of parental rearing patterns,social anxiety and psychological capital.Methods:A total of 2382 middle school students were investigated by questionnaire.The research tools included the short parental rearing style scale,social anxiety questionnaire and psychological capital questionnaire.Results:There were three potential types of parenting styles of middle school students:Positive parenting group(50.9%),contradictory parenting group(41.4%)and negative parenting group(7.7%);Age,grade,parents'occupation and parents'educational level had no significant influence on the potential categories of middle school students'parental rearing patterns,and gender was helpful to predict the categories of middle school students'parental rearing patterns.Compared with boys,girls had a higher probability of belonging to active rearing patterns(OR=1.561).There were significant differences in social anxiety and psychological capital scores among different parental rearing patterns(χ^(2)=203.354,χ^(2)=61.548,P<0.001).The social anxiety score of negative parenting group was significantly higher than that of contradictory parenting group,while that of contradictory parenting group was significantly higher than that of positive parenting group.The scores of psychological capital of positive parenting group were significantly higher than those of contradictory parenting group and negative parenting group,but there was no significant difference between contradictory parenting group and negative parenting group.Conclusion:Parental rearing patterns can predict middle school students'social anxiety and psychological capital level.Middle school students with active upbringing have a high level of psychological capital and a low level of social anxiety,which indicates that parents should give their children corresponding emotional warmth in daily education,and reduce their negative and rejection behaviors.Especially,parents should keep consistent behaviors and attitudes towards their children,so that their children can grow up in a harmonious and stable family environment,which is of great significance to the development of individual psychological capital and social ability.