雅与俗的互动——《异梦记》的下场诗研究

Interaction between Elegance and Popularity via Exiting Poems from Strange Dreams

下场诗作为明清传奇中的重要构成部分,具有概括故事情节、塑造人物形象、传达人物情感的作用。下场诗主要有通俗型、雅俗兼备型和完全雅化型三种类型,且三种类型在明清传奇中长期并存。王元寿《异梦记》的下场诗多以两句集唐诗和两句谚语、俗语组成,雅俗兼备。其下场诗多集唐诗,这与明代崇尚盛唐的文学氛围、文词派的兴盛、刊刻技术的发展密切相关。下场诗集唐诗增强了戏曲文本的文学性,谚语俗语的运用又符合戏曲文学通俗性的特征,实现了雅与俗的互动。

As an important part of the chuanqi drama in the Ming(1368-1644)and Qing(1644-1911)Dynasties,exiting poems summarize the plots,depict the characters and convey the characters’emotion.There are three types of the poems:the popular,the elegant and popular,and the elegant,and the three types coexisted for a long time in the chuanqi drama.The poem in WANG Yuanshou’s(birth or death year unknown)Strange Dreams(yi meng ji)consists of two lines from a poem of Tang Dynasty(618-907)and two proverbs/sayings,which can both be elegant and popular.The exiting poems are mainly composed of Tang poems,which are closely related to the literary aura of the Ming Dynasty,the flourishing of the literary ci school and the development of the printing technology.The use of poems of Tang Dynasty in exiting poems presents more literariness in the opera texts,while the use of proverbs/sayings demonstrates the popularity of the opera.As a result,the interaction between elegance and popularity is realized.