18世纪江南地区的家谱修撰与话语表达——以和桥程氏的两份谱牒为例

Compilation and Discourse of Genealogies in Jiangnan in the 18 th Century:A Case Study of Two Genealogies by the Chengs in Heqiao

清初以降,修谱之风盛行,各族有谱的同时,一族多谱的现象常常出现。借助此类谱牒,可对家谱话语权的分配、传序人物的选择标准进行深入研究。和桥程氏的修谱实践即表明家谱修撰时,各房、各支系依据实力强弱掌握不同比重的话语权。在掌握话语权之后,子孙极力设法突出直系祖先的丰功伟绩。故而,一人多传的现象和千篇一律的圣人形象大量出现。更有甚者通过忽视入谱标准、重塑祖先形象的手段,将原本无法立传入谱的祖先纳入其中,这导致各房、各支系所占家谱传序的比例严重失衡。

Since the foundation of Qing Dynasty(1644-1911),compiling a genealogy has become prevalent.While every clan has its own genealogy,some clan has several ones.Owing to such genealogies,an in-depth study can be done to the distribution of the discourse power in a genealogy,and the criteria of selecting a person in the genealogy.The compiling practice of the Chengs genealogy in Heqiao shows that when a genealogy was compiled,each branch held different discourse power by their influence.Once having the discourse power,the descendants tried to emphasize the outstanding achievements of their direct ancestors.Therefore,one person has several biographies,and the image of same sage appeared more times.Additionally,the ancestors could not be introduced into the genealogy because the inclusive criteria for an entry in a genealogy are ignored,which results in reshaping the image of the ancestors.Consequently,the proportion of each branch in the genealogy is evidently out of balance.