网络侵权中“合格通知”规则检视及其完善——以《民法典》第一千一百九十五条第一款第2句为中心

The Review and Suggestions of “Effective Notification”Rule for Internet Infringement

网络侵权中的通知制度有效运作的前提之一是确立合理且明确的“合格通知”规则。但我国的合格通知规则呈现出的状况却是纷繁的立法、灵活的司法和多样的实践。合格通知的判断,应区分概括性的构成要件和具体的要素。合格通知的构成要件包括通知人的真实身份信息和构成侵权的初步证据,不应包括对通知内容真实性负责的声明和通知系善意的声明。就要素而言,所涉内容的网络地址无须作为通知的必备内容;我国在制度设计中应当注意如下问题:帮助通知人方便了解通知的送达规则;网络服务提供者自行设置的通知要求,应以合理为限;不合格通知未必不产生任何法律后果;在通知缺少某些要素的材料时,网络服务提供者负有告知通知人补交材料的义务;不合格通知还可能作为网络服务提供者应当知道的判断因素。

One of the prerequisites for the effective operation of the notification system in Internet infringement is to establish a reasonable and clear rule of“effective notification”.However,the effective notification rule in China is inconsistent in legislation,flexible in judiciary,and various in practice.The judgment of effective notification should distinguish between the general constitutive elements and the specific elements.The constitutive elements of effective notification include the true identity information of the notifier and the preliminary evidence that constitutes infringement,and should not include the declaration that the notice is responsible for the authenticity of the notice and the declaration that the notice is in good faith.As for the factors,the URL address should not be mandatory.China could provide an appropriate system to make the complaining party learn the delivery rule of notification better.The requirements settled by the network service provider should be reasonable.An ineffective notification may also induce legal consequences.When notifying the lack of certain elements of material,the network service provider has the obligation to inform the notifier to submit the material.Ineffective notification may also be treated as a factor in determining the knowledge of the service provider.