元初滇池流域水利建设与边疆治理

Water Conservancy Works in the Dianchi Basin in the Early Yuan Dynasty and the Frontier Governance

滇池流域是长江上游水系的一个重要组成部分,同时也是中国西南地区一个重要的国家战略地理节点,自古以来是中国西南边疆的重要门户。元初首任云南行省平章政事的赛典赤·瞻思丁在主政云南的6年中,主持修建了滇池流域系统性水利工程,这不仅是滇池流域系统性水利工程的肇始,也是当时中国西南边疆地区水利之首,奠定了滇池流域随后600余年的水利格局,对边疆治理产生了重要的影响。形成了兴修水利——治理环境——发展农业——稳定社会——支撑驻军——稳固疆域,最终实现边疆安定发展的事实上的逻辑。传统史学往往将水利作为屯田和农业发展的一种辅助手段,忽略了水利肇始的社会背景及其对社会发展的影响,实际上水利在历史上是一种主导因素,通过水利来实现边疆治理也是一种重要的逻辑。本研究对边疆治理与水利建设的历史互动进行梳理,同时考察滇池流域水利建设的逻辑关系以及水利建设的政治与社会经济影响,从边疆治理的角度来认识元朝初年滇池流域的水利建设。

As a key passageway of the southwest frontier of China since ancient times,the Dianchi Basin is an important part of the upstream water system of the Yangtze River,and also a key strategic and geographic vantage point of China.During his 6-year rule of Yunnan,al-Sayyid Shams al-Din’Umar,the first governor of Yunnan province,organized the systematic water conservancy works in the Dianchi Basin.It was the first of its kind in the Dianchi Basin as well as the largest water conservancy project in southwest China at that time,which has laid the basic pattern of the water conservancy works in the Dianchi Basin in the subsequent over 600 years,with its great impacts on the frontier governance.The model of“water conservancy works+environmental governance+agricultural development+stabilizing the society+supporting the garrison+safeguarding the territory”as a practical logic helped the peaceful and sustainable development of the frontier region of China.The traditional historical study often regards water conservancy works as a supplement both to the practice of having garrison troops open up wasteland and grow food grain and to agricultural development,and ignores the social background of the first water conservancy construction and its impacts on social development.In fact,water conservancy construction was a major factor in history while its application was also an important logic for the frontier governance.This paper gives an incisive analysis of the historical interaction between frontier governance and water conservancy construction,the logical relationship in the water conservancy works in the Dianchi Basin as well as their political and socio-economic impacts in order to reveal the truthful water conservancy construction in the early Yuan dynasty in the Dianchi Basin in the perspective of frontier governance.