基于视嗅感知的校园绿地恢复性研究

Research on Campus Green Space Restoration Based on Visual and Olfactory Perception

随着现代社会的快速发展,大学生正面临越来越多学业、就业、人际关系等压力,校园绿地的恢复性效益受到业界的广泛关注。环境对人的恢复性过程是基于多感官体验的,目前对视觉、嗅觉景观交互体验的恢复性效益研究相对缺乏。为探讨秋季校园绿地的视觉、嗅觉景观对人体生理(心率、血压)和心理(注意力、情绪、满意度)状态的影响,以秋季校园中20处视觉景观图片作为视觉材料,以三种常见植物(沟叶结缕草(草碎)、金桂(花瓣)和银杏(果))作为嗅觉材料进行景观的视嗅交互感知实验,探究三种气味的感知评价、对绿地恢复性能力的影响以及该影响与视觉景观特征之间的关系。结果显示:(1)沟叶结缕草、金桂和银杏的气味分别被评价为中性、积极性和消极性气味;(2)沟叶结缕草气味能提高绿地降低心率的能力,提高人对绿地的满意度,三种气味均能提高绿地降低脉压差的能力,而对绿地提高注意力的能力、降低情绪纷乱值的能力有削弱作用;(3)沟叶结缕草和桂花气味对景观满意度的影响与景观的视觉质量呈负相关。基于研究结果对校园绿地中视觉、嗅觉景观的设计和管理提出建议,以期为健康支持性的校园环境建设提供参考和借鉴。

With the rapid development of the city,college students are facing increasing pressure from academic,employment,and inter-personal relationships,and the restorative benefits of campus green space are concerned.The restorative benefits of the envi-ronment is based on multi-sensory experience,but existing researchs often base on single sensory,lack of sensory interaction research.In order to explore the influence of campus green landscape on human physiological(heart rate,blood pressure)and psychological(attention,emotion,satisfaction)state in autumn,the visual and olfactory interaction perception experiment was carried out by using PPT formed by 20 visual landscape pictures in autumn as visual materials and three common odors(Zoysia matrella,Osmanthus fragrans Lutea Group,and Ginkgo biloba)as olfactory materials,explore the perception and evaluation of the three odors,their impact on the resilience of green space,and the relationship between the impact and the visual landscape characteristics.The results showed that:(1)The odors of Z.matrella,O.fragrans,and Ginkgo biloba were evaluated as neutral,positive,and negative respectively.(2)The Z.matrella odor could improve the ability of green space to reduce heart rate and improve people’s satisfaction with green space,and the three odors could improve the ability of green space to reduce pulse pressure but weaken the ability to improve attention and reduce emotional confusion.(3)The effect of Z.Matrella and O.fra-grans odors on landscape satisfaction was negatively correlated with the visual quality of the landscape.Based on the results,some suggestions on the design and management of the visual and olfactory landscape in campus green space were put forward in order to provide some reference for the construction of a healthy and supportive campus environment.