基于VR技术的不同类型公园绿地的景观偏好与复愈作用的关系研究

The Relationship Between Landscape Preference and the Restoration Effect of Different Types of Park Green Spaces

城市绿地对城市居民身心健康的复愈效果受绿地类型的影响,同时也受城市居民对城市绿地景观偏好的影响。为了揭示其相互作用关系,以咸阳市小西湖公园为例,基于实地调查划分6种绿地空间类型(密林草结构空间、复层结构空间、疏林草结构空间、灰色临水硬质空间、灰绿参半临水硬质空间、绿色临水硬质空间),采用VR设备为视觉载体,用虚拟现实代替实际场景,以简明心境量表(POMS)为心理复愈指标,以脑波、皮电(SCL)、血压、心率为生理复愈指标,将景观偏好作为景观感知评价工具,研究不同类型绿地的复愈性差异,并探究偏好和环境复愈作用的关系。研究结果表明:(1)不同类型绿地能够有效提升情绪状态水平并有利于各项生理指标的唤醒与复愈;(2)6种类型绿地的景观偏好水平和心理复愈效益无显著差异,但SCL和低压作为灵敏的生理指标在不同环境中的复愈效益有显著差异,灰色临水硬质空间对SCL有显著复愈作用,绿色临水硬质空间对低压有显著复愈作用;(3)心理复愈和生理复愈在短时间的环境感知中并不完全同步变化,心理上的情绪复愈仅与低压的改变有显著相关关系;(4)偏好水平与心理复愈呈显著负相关关系,单层密林草结构的绿地景观偏好得分最低,但心理复愈效益最好。研究结果以期为今后营建城市公园复愈性环境提供理论基础与参考。

The healing effect of urban green space on the physical and mental health of urban residents is influenced by the type of green space,as well as the preference of urban residents for urban green space landscape.In order to reveal the interactions,our study takes Xiaoxihu Park in Xianyang City as an example and classifies six types of green space(dense forest-grass structure space,compound structure space,sparse forest-grass structure space,gray waterfront hard space,gray-green semi-waterfront hard space,and green waterfront hard space)based on thefield survey.VR devices were used as visual carriers.Virtual reality was used instead of actual scenes,the Brief Mood Scale(POMS)was used as a psychological healing index,brain waves,skin electrical(SCL),blood pressure,and heart rate were used as physiological healing indexes,and landscape preference was used as a landscape perception evaluation tool to study the dif-ferences in healing in different types of green spaces and to investigate the relationship between preference and environmental healing effects.The results show that:(1)Different types of green spaces can effectively enhance the level of emotional state and facilitate the awakening and healing of physiological indicators.(2)There is no significant difference in the level of landscape preference and psy-chological healing benefits among the six types of green spaces,but there are significant differences in the healing benefits of SCL and low pressure as sensitive physiological indicators in different environments,with gray waterfront hard spaces having significant healing effects on SCL and green waterfront hard spaces having significant healing effects on low pressure.(3)Psychological healing and phys-iological healing were not completely synchronized in a short period of environmental perception,and psychological and emotional healing was only significantly correlated with the change of low pressure.(4)Preference level was significantly negatively correlated with psychological healing,and the preference score of green space with a single layer of dense forest and grass structure was the low-est,but the psychological healing benefit was the best.The abovefindings are intended to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the construction of healing environments in urban parks in the future.