从层序地层走向源-汇系统的储层预测之路

Predictive stratigraphy:From sequence stratigraphy to source-to-sink system

具有沉积充填和有利储层预测功能的预测地层学被广泛应用于盆地分析和油气勘探,经历了从层序地层走向源-汇系统的储层预测发展之路。为了应对“预测有利成藏要素(储层和盖层等)”的勘探挑战,Exxon地质学家创立了层序地层方法理论;为了解决“层序不一定控砂、低位不一定有扇”的勘探难题,地质学家将源-汇系统的概念和方法运用到有利储层预测研究中来,形成了源-汇控砂方法原理。文章讨论了层序地层的研究现状,梳理了海相和陆相层序地层研究近年来的重要进展,介绍了陆-洋和陆-湖源-汇控砂研究近年来的进展,提出了“基于源-渠-汇-岩耦合的优质储层预测技术”,以期解决“层序源-汇控砂但不一定控储”的勘探挑战。

Predictive stratigraphy with the ability to predict sedimentary fills and high-quality reservoirs has been widely applied to basin analysis and hydrocarbon exploration,and has undergone the evolutionary process from sequence stratigraphy to source-to-sink system for reservoir quality prediction.In response to the challenge of predicting favorable play elements(i.e.reservoir and seal),geologists of ExxonMobil established the sequence stratigraphic methodology and theory.To answer why the sequences do not necessarily control sandstone development and lowstand systems tract does not necessarily result in fan deposits,the geologists adopted the source-to-sink hypothesis in predicting high-quality reservoirs,creating the source-to-sink-based sandstone mapping methodology.The present study reviews the status quo of sequence stratigraphy and major advances in application to marine and lacustrine sequences,and introduces major progress in the application of source-to-sink-based methodology to predict high-quality reservoirs in both continentalmarine and continental-lacustrine systems.A source-channel-sink-diagenesis coupling technique to predict high-quality reservoirs is proposed in the study to solve the difficulty encountered in exploring why the source-to-sink system serves to control sandstone development,but not necessarily determine reservoir formation.