桑寄生族植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

Chemical Components and Pharmacological Effect of Trib.Lorantheae in China:A Review

桑寄生族Trib.Lorantheae植物作为传统中药药用历史悠久,共有41属,我国产6属,均有药用价值,主要分布于西南、华南及中南地区,有着十分丰富的资源,该族植物中有22种在我国被作为药材或草药使用,主要包括广寄生、桑寄生、红花桑寄生、北桑寄生、五蕊寄生、锈毛梨果寄生等,其中广寄生应用最广。桑寄生族植物的主要化学成分有黄酮类、萜类及甾醇类、苯丙素类和姜黄素类、酚酸类、挥发油类和糖类,现代研究表明该族植物的提取物及单体化合物具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗骨质疏松、抑菌、抗病毒、降血糖、降血压、降脂等广泛的药理作用,现代研究认为与其药理作用相关的主要活性成分为黄酮类成分,以黄酮醇类成分最多,其中多数又是桑寄生族植物的主要药效物质,在抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗骨质疏松等桑寄生族植物主要的药理作用中发挥着重要的作用。通过对国内外有关桑寄生族植物的文献资料进行系统的整理,对其化学成分和药理作用进行综述,为该族植物的研究、开发和利用提供参考。

Trib.Lorantheae used as traditional Chinese materia medica has a long history.There are 41 genera of Trib.Lorantheae,of which 6 belong to China,all have medicinal value,mainly distributed in Southwest,Southern,and Central and Southern China,with abundant resources.Twenty-two species of Trib.Lorantheae are used as medicinal materials or herbs in China.It mainly includes Taxillus.chinensis,T.sutchuenensis,Scurrula parasitica,Loranthus tanakae,Dendrophthoe pentandra,S.ferruginea,etc.,of which T.chinensis is the most widely used.The main chemical components of Trib.Lorantheae include flavonoids,terpenoids,sterols,phenylpropanoids,curcumins,phenolic acids,violate oils,sugars,and other compounds.Modern studies show that the extracts and monomer compounds of Trib.Lorantheae have various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation,anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,anti-osteoporosis,bacteriostasis,anti-virus,and lowering blood sugar,blood pressure,and lipid.It is believe that most active components related to their pharmacological effects are flavonoids,most of which are the main pharmacodynamic substances of the parasitic plants of Trib.Lorantheae,playing an important role in antiinflammation,anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,anti-osteoporosis,and other pharmacological effect.This paper systematically summarized the literature and data on plants of Trib.Lorantheae and reviewed their chemical components and pharmacological effects,which provided references for the research,development,and utilization of Trib.Lorantheae.