公私法交融下的环境健康权保护

The Protection of Environmental Health Rights in Context of Coordination Between the Private Law and The Public Law

环境健康权是免于因环境污染或生态破坏导致的人体健康危害或风险的权利。环境健康权兼具公私法二重属性,权利结构复杂,难以基于单纯的私法或者公法途径提供充分的保护。《民法典》人格权编中未能对环境健康权做出具体规定,使得司法实践中可能存在由于价值判断冲突而影响环境健康权益实现的情况。环境侵权责任条款的设置更多地倾向于对损害的事后救济,也难以单纯地从私法角度有效地预防环境健康风险。公法手段有助于在一定程度上弥补私法保护方案对损害预防关注的不足,并与环境健康权的社会面向相契合,从而有利于发挥公权力在保障环境健康权方面的优势。唯有实现公私法在环境健康权保护方面的有效沟通与协动,方可形成周全的环境健康权保障体系。

The environmental health rights focus on avoiding human health hazards or risks caused by environmental pollution and ecological damage.It has both public and private attributes,with complex rights structure,making it difficult to provide adequate protection based on merely private or public law approaches respectively.It is not easy to provide sound protection for human health rights based on the Chapter of Personal Rights in Civil Code,which is too broad to generate value conflicts during the judicial judgment.Meanwhile,the environmental tort clauses in the Civil Code focus more on the damage relief instead of prevention,which put negative impact on effective prevention of environmental health risks.In these circumstances,the public law approaches provide the chances,to some extent,to tackle these problems of private law approaches and are more adaptive to the requirements of protection of environmental health rights as a kind of social right.Only through sound coordination and cooperation between the two approaches can an adequate regime of environmental health rights protection be established.