儿童期家庭社会经济地位对居民成年后主观幸福感的影响——基于社会资本中介效应的分析

The Impact of Childhood Family Socioeconomic Status on Residents'Subjective Well-Being:An Analysis Based on the Mediating Effect of Social Capital

儿童期是个体成长的关键时期,儿童期家庭社会经济地位状况会影响居民成年后以至整个生命周期的幸福感水平。基于2017年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,采用多重中介效应模型证明并揭示了儿童期家庭社会经济地位对居民成年后主观幸福感的内在影响机制。研究发现:儿童期家庭社会经济地位对居民成年后主观幸福感能够产生正向影响;儿童期家庭社会经济地位能够通过居民成年后的认知性社会资本和结构性社会资本对主观幸福感产生影响;儿童期家庭社会经济地位对居民成年后主观幸福感的影响存在性别差异和城乡差异,儿童期家庭社会经济地位对女性居民主观幸福感的影响比男性居民大,对农村居民主观幸福感的影响比城镇居民大。从生命历程视角看,儿童期是提高居民成年后主观幸福感水平的重要时期,因而可以通过完善儿童发展的制度体系、加强教育扶持力度、推进社会诚信建设等途径,促进居民主观幸福感水平的提高。

Childhood is a critical period for individual growth.Childhood family socioeconomic status will affect the level of subjective well-being in adulthood and even in the whole life cycle.Based on the data of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)in 2017,this paper proves and reveals the internal influence mechanism of childhood family socioeconomic status on subjective well-being through multiple mediation effects model.The results show that childhood family socioeconomic status has a positive impact on residents'subjective well-being;childhood family socioeconomic status can affect subjective well-being through cognitive social capital and structural social capital mediating variables.The influence of childhood family socioeconomic status on the subjective well-being of residents is gender difference and urban-rural difference.The influence of childhood family socioeconomic status on the subjective well-being of female residents is greater than that of male residents,and the influence of rural residents is greater than that of urban residents.From the perspective of life course,childhood is an important period to improve the subjective well-being of residents,which can be promoted by improving the institutional system of children's development,strengthening educational support,promoting the construction of social integrity and other ways.