宋代司法“审案”义的新同义词辨析与司法文化

An Analysis of New Synonyms for“Court Case Trials”and Judicial Cul⁃ture in the Song Dynasty

“断谳”“平谳”“谳议”“鞫谳”等词是宋代司法“审案”义的一组同义词,对其辨析,主要从构词理据、构词方式、意义的倾向、词语的语法功能与词语的生命历程等方面展开。阐释其同、异与产生的原因,揭示其所反映的复音词造词方法与词汇发展变化特点,指出《汉语大词典》所存在的瑕疵,也管窥以上同义词所反映的宋代司法文化。

As“duanyan(断谳)”,“pingyan(平谳)”,“yany(i谳议)”,and“juyan(鞫谳)”are a set of synonymous referring to judicial trial and judgement in the Song Dynasty,an analysis is conducted in this paper in terms of the motivation and manner of their word-formation,the inclination of their senses,their grammatical function and use duration,so as to expound on the causes for their similarities and differences,to reveal the methods of making polyphonic words and the characteristics of their development and changes,to point out the flaws in The Chinese Dictionary,as well as to explore the judicial culture of the Song Dynasty reflected by the above synonyms.