基于应力波的锚杆锚固质量无损检测研究进展

State-of-the-art:Non-destructive Testing Technology Based on Stress Wave for the Quality of Rock Bolt

施工工艺、材料特性、环境与荷载长期耦合作用等因素导致岩土体中锚杆锚固结构产生锚固缺陷,对工程安全构成潜在威胁。对在役锚杆锚固结构开展无损检测是进行锚固质量评估、锚杆质量补强的重要环节。应力波法适应强、发展快,是锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术采用的主要方法。从基于应力波法的锚杆锚固质量无损检测理论、室内模型试验、应力波激振与接收、信号处理与分析、数值模拟方面对国内外锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术研究现状进行了综述。研究表明:中国锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术研究起步晚,但发展迅速;现有锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术较为成熟,可实现黏结型锚杆杆体长度及灌浆密实度检测,但其中仍存在不足,限制了锚杆检测精度与检测长度;针对老旧锚杆服役状态的无损检测方法也较少报道,仍需开展研究。最后结合未来发展趋势对未来可能发展的方向进行了展望,后续研究中,应进一步改进与完善现有理论,研发与升级无损检测技术与设备,拓展锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术适用范围。同时,应构建基于无损检测技术的锚杆服役状态智能评价体系并提出锚杆剩余寿命预测方法。

Due to the construction technology,material characteristics,long-term coupling of environment and load,and other factors,quality defects produced in rock bolts,posed a potential threat to the safety of public infrastructure.Non-destructive testing for rock bolt structure in-service is an important part of anchoring quality evaluation and reinforcement.The stress wave method has strong adaptability and rapid development,which is the main method for non-destructive testing technology of bolt anchorage quality.The research state-of-the-art of non-destructive testing from the aspects of the theory of anchoring bolt quality detection based on stress wave,model test,stress wave excitation and reception,signal processing and analysis,and numerical simulation were systematically reviewed.The results show that the research on non-destructive testing technology of bolt anchorage quality in China is relatively late,but developed rapidly.The existing non-destructive testing technology for bolt anchorage quality is relatively mature,which can realize the detection of the length and grouting compactness of grouted bolts.However,it still has shortcomings,which limit the detection accuracy and detection length of the bolt.The non-destructive testing method for the service state of old bolts has yet rarely been reported,and further research is still needed.Finally,the future potential development direction has been prospected combined with the future development trend.In the follow-up study,the existing theory should be further improved and perfected,and the non-destructive testing technology and equipment should be developed and upgraded to expand the application scope of non-destructive testing technology for bolt anchorage quality.At the same time,the intelligent evaluation system for the bolt service state based on non-destructive testing technology should be constructed and the remaining service life prediction method needs to be proposed.