“近北极国家”的北极政策类型划分及共性主张

Policy Classification Towards the Arctic and Common Propositions of Near-Arctic Countries

受全球气候变暖趋势的影响,北极的潜在战略价值逐渐凸显。北极八国现已将北极问题上升到国家战略层面,促使“近北极国家”也积极制定北极相关政策措施,进一步介入北极事务,积极参与北极治理。通过界定“近北极国家”的概念与范围,归纳分析“近北极国家”的北极政策类型。“近北极国家”的北极政策虽有紧迫型、适应型、关注型之分,但“近北极国家”北极政策一般都遵循一致的原则和目标,国家间也存在诸多有利于北极发展的共性主张。在此基础上,分析了“近北极国家”介入北极事务的航线开发利用共同路径,以期为分析北极局势、缓和北极争端提供思路,进而为中国进一步制定北极政策提供借鉴。

Affected by global warming,the Arctic gradually shows its potential strategic value.The eight countries next to the Arctic have now attributed the Arctic issue to their national strategic,which also prompts near-Arctic countries to formulate Arctic-related policies and measures accordingly,further intervene in Arctic affairs,and actively participate in Arctic governance.By defining the concept and scope of near-Arctic countries,this paper summarizes and analyzes the types of Arctic policies of near-Arctic countries.It is believed that although the Arctic policies of near-Arctic countries are of urgency,adaptation or concern,the Arctic policies of near-Arctic countries is generally consistent in principles and objectives,and there are many common claims between countries that are beneficial to the development of the Arctic.On this basis,this paper analyzes the common path for the development and utilization of routes for near-Arctic countries involved in Arctic affairs with the goal of providing ideas for analyzing situation and easing disputes in the Arctic and reference for China’s further Arctic policy formulation.