左翼加速主义及其缺憾——为什么加速主义不可能替代资本主义?

Left-wing Accelerationism and Its Shortcomings:Why Accelerationism Cannot Be an Alternative to the Capitalist Programme

在众多国外加速主义思潮中,最值得关注的是以费舍尔、威廉姆斯、斯尔尼塞克为代表的回到经典马克思主义论述的左翼加速主义。相对于传统的西方马克思主义批判理论,左翼加速主义旨在恢复马克思主义传统中关于工业技术发展的内涵,即对资本主义的超越建立在社会生产力发展的基础上,而社会生产力的发展途径在于技术的加速,让资本主义无法支配整个生产领域。随着数字技术和人工智能技术的广泛发展,左翼加速主义的方案遇到其问题,技术加速发展,并没有解决不平等和无产阶级解放等问题,反而让不平等的问题越来越凸出,让无产阶级进一步陷入游牧无产阶级或流众的境地。为了解决这个问题,必须理解,左翼加速主义只指出超越资本主义的历史前提,但没有解决社会主义革命的主体问题。无产者被动地进入技术加速过程是无法产生社会主义动力的,只有当广大无产阶级意识到资本主义控制下的数字平台和生态实际上是他们劳动的产物,应该将这些平台服务于公共目的,才可以打破资本主义垄断数字平台的神话,为未来社会主义创造可能。

In contrast to the traditional Western Marxist critique,left-wing accelerationism aims to revive Marx’s historical materialist interpretation of the development of industrial technology and the rise of social productivity that led to the capitalist system,and suggests that the way to transcend capitalism lies in the acceleration of technology and thus beyond the control of capitalist relations of production.However,with the widespread development of digital and artificial intelligence technologies,the left-wing accelerationist programme has encountered its problems.Instead of solving the problems of inequality and the emancipation of the proletariat,the acceleration of technology has brought the problem of inequality into sharper focus and further reduced the proletariat to the situation of a nomadic proletariat or a displaced population.In order to solve this problem,it is important to understand that left-wing accelerationism only points to the historical premise of transcending capitalism,but does not address the main issue of the socialist revolution.Only when the proletariat at large realises that the digital platforms and ecologies under capitalist control are in fact the product of their labour,and that these platforms should be used for public purposes,can the myth of a capitalist monopoly on digital platforms be dispelled and the possibility of a future socialism be created.