智慧教育的反思与建议:发展的视角

Reflections and Recommendations on Smart Education:A Developmental Perspective

智慧教育的理论与实践已成为热门话题。有效开展智慧教育既需要明确智慧和智慧教育是什么,也要了解智慧发展规律。以智慧的德才一体理论为基础,结合以往研究,构建智慧发展的多元交互作用模型,即个体的内部资源和外部环境以及体现主体能动性的生活实践和自我反省等因素在复杂、系统和动态的交互过程中,提高个体认识自我和改造世界的能力,也提升自身的道德品质和思想境界,从而形成德才一体的综合心理素质。这样,个体在遇到具体问题时,就能将聪明才智和良好品德结合起来解决问题,表现出智慧行为,实现智慧素质和智慧行为的相互促进,展现个体智慧的螺旋发展过程。从该模型出发,开展智慧教育要发挥主体能动性,坚持知行合一的原则;重视智慧发展的内外部条件,坚持内外因兼顾原则;重视智慧情感培育,以认知和情感统一为内容;以智慧行为培育为切入点,以智慧素质养成为最终归宿。

Based on the moral and intellectual integration theory of wisdom and the evidence of previous studies,we construct a multifaceted interaction model of smart development,arguing that the individual’s internal resources and external environment,thus when they encounter specific problems,they are good at combining wisdom and good moral character to solve problems and demonstrate wise behaviour,realising the mutual promotion of wisdom quality and wise behaviour and reflecting the spiral development process of individual wisdom.From this model,it is advocated that smart education should give full play to the subjectivity of the individual and adhere to the principle of unity of knowledge and action;attach importance to the internal and external conditions of wisdom development and adhere to the principle of balancing internal and external factors;attach importance to the cultivation of wisdom and emotion and take the unification of cognition and emotion as the content;take the cultivation of wisdom behaviour as the entry point and the cultivation of wisdom quality as the final destination.