论家庭教育的基本特质:基于家庭教育的三个隐喻

The Basic Traits of Family Education:Three Metaphors of Family Education

家庭是社会的基本细胞,家庭教育在人的成长中具有奠基性作用,在全社会注重家庭家教家风、积极推进落实《家庭教育促进法》的当下,需要加强家庭教育研究和学科建设。家庭教育与学校教育都属于国民教育体系的一部分,但由于家庭与学校在属性、功能等方面的差异,以及由此导致的家庭与学校、家长与教师、以生活为核心的家庭教育实践活动与以课程教学为核心的学校教育实践活动之间存在巨大的差异,家庭教育学科不能简单地复制学校教育的基本逻辑。隐喻不仅是修辞方式,更是人类认知的方式。关于家庭教育,有三个最耳熟能详的隐喻:家庭是第一所学校,父母是第一任老师,家庭是第一个课堂。这三个隐喻分别借助于学校教育的概念从家庭的教育功能、家庭教育主体及教育关系、家庭教育实践形态等方面揭示了家庭教育的基本特质。家庭是兼具教育功能的社会组织,亲子关系是兼具教育关系的复杂关系,家庭教育实践活动是以做人为核心并套嵌于家庭生活实践之中的复杂教育形态。这是家庭教育应有的画像。

Family is the basic cell of society,and family education plays a fundamental role in the growth of life.At present,the whole society pays attention to family,family education,family conduct,and actively promotes the implementation of the Family Education Promotion Law.It is necessary to strengthen family education research and discipline construction.Both family education and school education are part of the national education system.However,due to the differences in attributes and functions between families and schools,there are considerable family-school difference,parent-teacher difference,and difference between life-centered family education practice and curriculum-centered school education practice,so family education disciplines cannot simply copy the basic logic of school education.Metaphor is not only a rhetorical way,but also a way of human cognition.There are three most familiar metaphors about family education:family is the first school,parents are the first teachers,and family is the first classroom.With the help of the concept of school education,these three metaphors respectively answer the basic characteristics of family education from the aspects of functions,subjects,education relationship,and practice forms of family education.Family is a social organization with educational function;parent-child relationship is a complex relationship with educational relationship,and family education practice is a complex educational form centered on being a person and embedded in family life practice.This is a due portrait of family education.