高校未婚在校学生婚育观现状调查

Investigation on the current situation of marriage and fertility concept of unmarried college students

目的了解未婚在校学生婚育观的现状,为相关部门制定政策提供依据。方法采用滚雪球抽样于2022年8~9月对山西省4所大学2216名学生进行调查,分析大学生婚育观现状及影响因素。结果婚姻态度量表(MAS)总分及2个维度得分处于中等水平,女生的婚姻态度、一般婚姻观念较男生更积极,男生自我婚姻展望或评价更积极;医学类专业、来自农村的学生婚姻态度更加积极;适龄结婚年龄的学生结婚态度比其他年龄学生更积极。不同年龄、专业、父母关系、理想结婚年龄的MAS总分及2个维度得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同户籍、学历的学生MAS总分及一般婚姻观念维度得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);线性回归结果显示,年龄、父母关系、理想结婚年龄是学生婚姻态度的影响因素(P<0.05)。生育观方面:理想的初育年龄选择28~31岁人数占比最高,选择生育2个孩子的人数占比最高;选择生育的原因主要有父母或同辈的压力、其次为年龄促成的自然过程、传宗接代,延续生命;认为影响生育的主要原因有养育子女的费用、身体状况、婚姻状况。不同年龄、性别、学历、专业、婚姻态度对学生生育观念的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),是否独生子女对理想孩子数量、何时生孩子合适的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),是否独生子女对理想初育年龄、第一胎孩子性别期待、生育权主导地位的影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论不同人口学特征下学生的婚姻态度和生育观念有所差异,婚姻态度对生育观也有一定影响,需要学校、父母共同努力引导学生树立正确的婚育观。

Objective To understand the current situation of unmarried college students'views on marriage and childbearing,and to provide a basis for the relevant departments to formulate policies.Methods A snowball sampling method was used to survey 2216 students in four universities in Shanxi Province from August to September 2022 to analyze the current situation and factors influencing college students'views on marriage and childbearing.Results The total score of the Marriage Attitude Scale(MAS)and the scores of the two dimensions were at an intermediate level;female students had more positive marriage attitudes and general marriage concepts than male students,and male students had more positive self-marriage outlook or evaluation;medical majors and students from rural areas had more positive marriage attitudes;students of marriageable age had more positive marriage attitudes than students of other ages.The differences in the total MAS scores and the scores of the two dimensions were statistically significant across age,major,parental relationship,and ideal age of marriage(P<0.05);the differences in the total MAS scores and the scores of the general marriage attitudes dimension were statistically significant among students with different household registration and education(P<0.05);the linear regression results showed that age,parental relationship,and ideal age of marriage were influential factors in students'attitudes toward marriage(P<0.05).In terms of fertility,the highest percentage of people choose the ideal age of first childbirth as 28-31 years old,and the highest percentage of people choose to have two children;the main reasons for choosing to have children are pressure from parents or peers,followed by the natural process contributed by age,and passing on the family and continuing life;the main reasons considered to affect fertility are the cost of raising children,physical condition,and marital status.There were statistically significant differences in the effects of different ages,genders,education,majors,and attitudes toward marriage on students'fertility perceptions(P<0.05),statistically significant differences in the effects of being an only child on the ideal number of children and when it is appropriate to have children(P<0.05),and no statistically significant differences in the effects of being an only child on the ideal age of first childbearing,gender expectation of the first child,and dominance of fertility rights(P>0.05).Conclusion Students'attitudes toward marriage and fertility vary by demographic characteristics,and marital attitudes also have an impact on fertility views,requiring schools and parents to work together to guide students to establish correct views on marriage and fertility.