汉语发展性阅读障碍正字法意识缺陷的发生机制及其干预模式

The Occurrence Mechanism of Orthographic Awareness Deficits in Chinese Developmental Dyslexia and Its Intervention Model

正字法意识在汉语阅读和汉字书写中起到举足轻重的作用,但目前关于正字法意识缺陷发生机制与干预模式的研究观点存在争议。正字法意识缺陷是汉语发展性阅读障碍的重要表征,且与感知觉、注意等认知能力受损和大脑左半球的部分脑区发育异常存在紧密联系。不同学者分别基于识别部首功能、解码汉字结构和综合认知规律进行了干预研究。未来应制定测试评估标准,夯实部件表征基础,进行早期干预训练,强化学科融合研究,以达到减轻正字法意识缺陷和改善汉语发展性阅读障碍的效果。

Orthographic awareness plays a pivotal role in Chinese reading and writing,but there are controversial research perspectives on the occurrence mechanisms of orthographic awareness deficits and intervention models.It has been found that orthographic awareness deficits are an important symptom of developmental dyslexia,and are closely related to the impaired cognitive abilities such as perception and attention and the abnormal development of some brain regions in the left hemisphere.Different scholars have conducted intervention studies based on the recognition of radical function,decoding of Chinese character structure and comprehensive psychological characteristics.In the future,it is necessary to formulate test and evaluation standards,consolidate component representation basis,conduct early intervention training,and strengthen discipline integration research,so as to reduce orthographic awareness deficits and improve Chinese developmental dyslexia.