海洋超微型蓝细菌聚球藻的生态学研究进展

Ecological research progress on marine picocyanobacterial Synechococcus

海洋超微型蓝细菌是地球上数量最多的光合自养原核类群,主要由聚球藻(Synechococcus)和原绿球藻(Prochlorococcus)两个属组成,贡献了约25%的海洋净初级生产力.聚球藻是一个古老且多样性非常高的类群,从赤道到极地都有分布.聚球藻与异养细菌及蓝细菌病毒的相互作用维系了微食物环的结构和复杂性,对于海洋生源要素生物地球化学循环过程至关重要.在全球变化的大背景下,基于模式预测,聚球藻将会在生态系统中发挥更重要的作用.本文从海洋聚球藻对初级生产力的贡献、遗传多样性,及其与异养细菌、蓝细菌病毒的互作机制4个方面综述该领域研究的新进展.

Marine picocyanobacteria,composed primarily of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus,are the most abundant prokaryotic photoautotrophic microorganisms on Earth,contributing about 25%of the ocean net primary productivity.Synechococcus is an old and highly diverse group with wide geographical distributions spanned from the equator to the polar regions.The interactions among Synechococcus,heterotrophic bacteria and cyanophage maintain the structure and complexity of the microbial food web,and are crucial for the biogeochemical cycles of major and trace elements in the ocean.Under the global change scenario,Synechococcus is predicted to play a more important role in the ecosystem based on modeling results.Here we review the research progress of marine Synechococcus in the following four aspects to provide new lights in this field:contribution to primary productivity,genetic diversity,and its interaction mechanisms with heterotrophic bacteria and with cyanophage.