从国民革命到左翼运动:论茅盾的创作调适

From the National Revolution to the Left-wing Movement:On Mao Dun's creative adjustment

后来被称为“左翼文学巨匠”的茅盾在加入左联的初期,曾陷入身份的焦虑和立场的危机,其创作经历了自我调适并逐渐贴近左联文学纲领的复杂过程:在小说《豹子头林冲》和《石碣》中,茅盾的革命认知与左联文学纲领的要求之间形成了一种张力结构,溢出左联话语框架之外的个体性思考深刻触及了革命进程中个体所面对的伦理难题以及革命团体内部的权力斗争;《大泽乡》对群体性农民意识的塑造预示着茅盾基本完成了主体改造与创作调适。这一调整与转变的过程也伴随着茅盾“文学真实观”的修正、文学创作方法的更新以及全新的“文学-政治”构造方式的逐步获得,立体呈现出作为文学家和“前革命者”的茅盾从国民革命走向左翼运动的精神历程。

Mao Dun,later known as the"master of Left-wing literature",was faced with intense identity anxiety and position crisis at the early stage of his joining the League of Leftist Writers(LLW),and many of his novels written at this stage showed a complex process of self adjustment and self calibration and gradually got close to the literary program of LLW.In Panther Head Lin Chong and Stone Tablet,a tension structure is formed between Mao Dun's revolutionary cognition and the programme of the literary program of LLW,and Mao Dun's individual thinking that overflows out of the Left-wing discourse framework deeply touches the ethical problems faced by individuals in the revolutionary process and the power struggle within the revolutionary group.The shaping of the collective farmer consciousness in Daze Township indicates that Mao Dun has basically completed the subject’s transformation of and the creative adjustment.This process of adjustment and transformation is also accompanied by the revision of Mao Dun's"view of literary truth",the renewal of literary creative methods,and the gradual acquisition of a new"literary-politics"construction mode,manifesting his spiritual growth from the National Revolution to the Left-wing Movement as a writer and a former revolutionary.