新时代我们如何认识技能:对技能型社会建设的元问题思考

How to Understand Skills in the New Era:Reflections on the Meta Problem of Building Skilled Society

技能型社会中的技能具有实践的意涵。构建技能型社会,需要全社会重视从经验中生发认识、重视一线生产和服务的经验学习价值,把大众从对学历的崇拜中解放出来,寻回中华文化中的实践精髓。技能寓居于人的认知和行动之中,受外界环境,尤其是技术手段、社会需求等因素的影响,形成了不同的存在和使用方式,也制约着个体学习技能的动机。数字化社会、老龄化社会、二元化社会对技能的存在和使用产生了不同维度的影响。在技能型社会中,促进个体技能形成应关注三个核心问题:一是技能形成的非制度化和去中心化特点;二是技能形成中人的主体性的回归;三是超越技能形成的话语表达。

Skills in a skilled society have practical implications.To build a skilled society,it is necessary for the whole society to attach importance to generating knowledge from experience,valuing the learning value of frontline production and services,liberating the public from the worship of academic qualifications,and seeking the practical essence of Chinese culture.Skills reside in people's cognition and actions,and are influenced by external factors such as technological means and social needs,forming and using in different ways,which also constrain individuals'motivation to learn skills.The digital society,aging society,and binary society have different dimensions of impact on the existence and use of skills.In a skilled society,promoting individual skill formation should focus on three core issues:the first is the non institutionalized and decentralized characteristics of skill formation;the second is the return of human subjectivity in the formation of skills;the third is beyond the discourse expression of skill formation.