骨骼来源外泌体全身性调节作用的研究进展

Research progress on the systemic regulatory effects of bone-derived exosomes

骨是人体最大的器官之一,不仅提供机体保护与运动支持,还可以分泌骨源性因子参与机体调节。骨源性外泌体作为一种新近发现的骨源性因子逐渐受到重视。外泌体是一类特定尺寸的细胞外囊泡,骨中各类细胞分泌的外泌体可以包含多种生物活性物质并递送到相应细胞,以调节靶细胞的生理或病理过程。骨髓间充质干细胞源性外泌体参与多个系统的稳态调节与病理发展,而成骨细胞与破骨细胞分泌的外泌体主要调节骨代谢过程。骨细胞与软骨细胞作为骨的机械应力响应细胞,其分泌的外泌体参与调节机械刺激引起的生理学效应。本综述根据骨骼内部不同细胞来源的外泌体进行阐述,以探讨骨源性外泌体对全身的调节作用。

Bone is one of the largest organs in the human body,which not only provides protection and movement support for the body,but also secretes bone-derived factors to participate in regulation of body homeostasis.As newly discovered bone-derived factors,bone-derived exosomes have attracted increasing attention.Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with specific sizes.Exosomes secreted by various cells in bone can contain a variety of bioactive substances and be delivered to the target cells to regulate the physiological or pathological processes.Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are involved in the homeostatic regulation and pathological development of multiple systems,while exosomes secreted by osteoblasts and osteoclasts mainly regulate bone metabolism.As mechanical stress responsive cells of bone,exosomes secreted by osteocytes and chondrocytes are involved in regulating the physiological effects caused by mechanical stimulation.In this review,we will elaborate on the exosomes derived from different cells in bone to explore the regulatory effects of bone-derived exosomes on the whole body.