长工时暴露对浙江省快递从业人员职业紧张与抑郁症状的影响

Effects of long working hours exposure on occupational stress and depression symptoms in couriers in Zhejiang Province

目的了解浙江省快递从业人员的长工时暴露现状,分析长工时暴露水平对其职业紧张和抑郁症状的影响,为促进快递从业人员身心健康提供依据。方法于2021年9至12月,采用整群抽样法选取浙江省快递运输公司1 159名快递从业人员为调查对象,收集调查对象基本情况,并使用《职业紧张测量核心量表》(COSS)和《患者健康问卷》(PHQ-9量表)评估快递从业人员的职业紧张和抑郁症状情况,分析长工时(每周>48 h)对快递从业人员职业紧张和抑郁症状的影响。结果浙江省1 159名快递从业人员平均年龄(33.24±8.42)岁,平均每周工作时间为(63.21±18.77)h,长时间工作者占75.15% (871/1 159)。快递从业人员职业紧张检出率为32.44%(376/1 159),抑郁症状检出率为32.53%(377/1 159)。不同年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、月均收入、工龄、职务或岗位、轮班情况、饮酒情况以及周工作时间快递从业人员的职业紧张和抑郁症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析结果显示,在校正了年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、月均收入、工龄、职务或岗位、轮班情况和饮酒情况等混杂因素的影响后,与周工作时间≤48 h比较,周工作时间63~77 h、78~92 h、≥93 h是快递从业人员发生职业紧张(OR=1.547,95%CI:1.019~2.350;OR=1.886,95%CI:1.184~3.006;OR=2.338,95%CI:1.188~4.062)与抑郁症状(OR =1.897,95%CI:1.258~2.860;OR=2.041,95%CI:1.290~3.230;OR =4.978,95%CI:2.551~ 9.715)的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论长工时会增加快递从业人员发生职业紧张和抑郁症状的风险。应合理安排快递从业人员工作时间,减少其职业紧张和抑郁症状的发生。

Objective To understand the current situation of long working hours exposure of couriers in Zhejiang Province,and to analyze the influence of long working hours exposure levels on their occupational stress and depression symptoms,and provide a basis for promoting the physical and mental health of couriers.Methods From September to December 2021,1159 couriers from Zhejiang Express Transport Companies were selected as respondents by cluster sampling,and their basic information were collected.The occupational stress and depression symptoms of the couriers were assessed using the Core Occupational Stress Scale(COSS)and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9).The effects of long work hours(>48 h per week)on the occupational stress and depression symptoms of the couriers were analyzed.Results The average age of 1159 courier in Zhejiang Province was(33.24±8.42)years,the average weekly working hours were(63.21±18.77)h,and 75.15%(871/1159)were long-term workers.The detection rates of occupational stress and depression symptoms in courier were 32.44%(376/1159)and 32.53%(377/1159),respectively.There were significant differences in the detection rates of occupational stress and depression symptoms among couriers with different ages,educational background,marital status,monthly average income,length of service,position or post,shift status,drinking status,and average weekly working hours(P<0.05).The adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that,after adjusting for the influence of confounding factors such as age,educational background,marital status,monthly average income,length of service,position or post,shift status and drinking status,compared with the weekly working hours≤48 h,weekly working hours of 63-77 h,78-92 h,≥93 h were the risk factors for occupational stress(OR=1.547,95%CI:1.019-2.350;OR=1.886,95%CI:1.184-3.006;OR=2.338,95%CI:1.188-4.062)and depression symptoms(OR=1.897,95%CI:1.258-2.860;OR=2.041,95%CI:1.290-3.230;OR=4.978,95%CI:2.551-9.715)of couriers(P<0.05).Conclusion Long working hours could increase the risk of occupational stress and depression symptoms among couriers.It is necessary to arrange working hours reasonably to reduce the occurrence of occupational stress and depression symptoms of couriers.