蠕形螨睑缘炎的危险因素及发病机制研究进展

Advance in the risk factors and pathogenesis of Demodex blepharitis

蠕形螨是人体内一种常见的小型寄生虫,体长约150~350μm,主要分布在人类的皮脂腺和皮肤毛囊中。近年来众多的皮肤科及眼科方面的研究表明蠕形螨与玫瑰痤疮、睑缘炎等多种疾病的发生和发展有关,其中蠕形螨睑缘炎已成为临床的关注点之一。蠕形螨睑缘炎是蠕形螨感染睑缘而引起的睑缘皮肤炎症反应,严重者甚至会累及角膜和结膜,影响视力。蠕形螨睑缘炎是一种广泛存在且容易忽视的疾病,睑缘炎患者蠕形螨的感染率可达90%,病原学诊断方法主要有光学显微镜检查及活体共聚焦显微镜检查。目前蠕形螨睑缘炎的治疗主要以除螨治疗为主,常用药物有茶树油、甲硝唑等。其高危因素及发病机制尚不完全明确。本文主要针对国内外有关蠕形螨睑缘炎的危险因素及其可能的发病机制进行总结和分析,以期为进一步开展相关研究及临床治疗提供参考。

Demodex is a common small parasite in the human body,with a body length of about 150-350μm and mainly found in human sebaceous glands and skin hair follicles.In recent years,numerous studies in dermatology and ophthalmology have shown that Demodex is related to the occurrence and development of rosacea,blepharitis and other diseases.Demodex blepharitis has become one of the clinical concerns.Demodex blepharitis is an inflammation in the skin of the eyelid margin caused by Demodex infection.In severe cases,cornea and conjunctiva can be involved,and vision can be affected.Demodex blepharitis is a widespread and easily overlooked disease.Up to 90%of patients with blepharitis are infected with Demodex,and the main pathogenic diagnostic methods are light microscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy.At present,the treatment of Demodex blepharitis is mainly to remove mites by metronidazole and tea tree oil etc.Its risk factors and pathogenesis are not fully understood yet.This article mainly summarized and analyzed the research progress on the risk factors for Demodex blepharitis and its possible pathogenesis at home and abroad in order to provide references for further research and clinical treatment.