高度近视眼后巩膜葡萄肿与眼底结构和微循环的关系

Relationship between posterior staphyloma and fundus structure and microcirculation in high myopia

后巩膜葡萄肿(PS)指眼球后壁局部的异常膨出,是高度近视眼常见的病理性改变之一。PS常伴随着眼底微结构如巩膜、脉络膜、Bruch膜的改变。这些异常改变致使眼底微结构对眼轴扩张的抵抗力下降,或可造成相应区域组织结构的重塑,引发微血管结构的变化,进而导致后极部血流循环异常,而微循环的改变又可能继发眼底微结构的变化,严重影响患眼视力。国际上对PS的发病机制仍无明确定论,且尚无良好的预防措施和治疗方法。本文对高度近视眼PS与眼底结构及微循环的相互关系研究进行总结分析,为探究PS的发病机制、预防和治疗方法以及改善高度近视眼的视功能提供理论依据。

Posterior staphyloma(PS)refers to the local abnormal bulge of the posterior wall of the eyeball,which is one of the common pathological changes in high myopia.The appearance of PS is often accompanied by changes in fundus microstructure such as sclera,choroid and Bruch membrane.The abnormality of fundus microstructure leads to the decrease of its resistance to the expansion of ocular axis,or causes the remodeling of tissue structure in the corresponding area,resulting in the change of microvascular structure,and then giving rise to abnormal blood circulation in the posterior pole.The microcirculatory changes may be followed by changes in fundus microstructure,seriously affecting the visual acuity of the affected eyes.There is still no clear conclusion on the pathogenesis of PS in the world,and there are no good preventive measures or treatment methods.This article reviewed and summarized the interaction between PS,fundus structure and microcirculation in high myopia,so as to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the pathogenesis,prevention and treatment of PS and improving the visual function of high myopia.