铀致肾脏损伤早期生物标志物研究进展

Advances in the study of biomarkers of early uranium-induced kidney injury

随着核工业的迅速发展,铀接触人群正在迅速扩大,肾脏作为铀早期的主要滞留器官,容易受到铀化学毒性影响,因此肾脏损伤是铀接触人群的一个主要健康问题。然而,临床上常用的肾脏损伤标志物通常要到肾脏损伤的后期才会出现明显的改变,使铀接触人群的职业健康监护出现了一定的困难。近年来国内外学者发现了一批能够反映铀致肾脏早期损伤的生物标记物,并通过酶联免疫吸附测定、蛋白质印迹等对这些标志物进行了探究。本文将对这一领域的相关研究进行综述,以期为铀致肾脏损伤的诊断、发展和预后提供依据。

With the rapid development of the nuclear industry,the uranium-exposed population is rapidly expanding.Kidney injury is a major health concern for uranium-exposed population because uranium is initially retained in the kidneys and induces chemical toxicity.However,the commonly used clinical markers of kidney injury usually show significant changes in the late stages of such damage,making it difficult to monitor the occupational health of uranium-exposed population.In recent years,a number of biomarkers that can reflect early kidney injury caused by uranium have been identified and investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and protein blotting.This article will review the studies in this area,with the aim of providing a basis for the diagnosis and understanding the development and prognosis of uranium-induced kidney injury.