笼养猕猴活动时间分配的研究

Study on Activity Time Allocation of Captive Macaca mulatta

为了解笼养猕猴日活动时间分配的影响因素,提高动物园猕猴饲养管理水平,在2017年4月至2018年3月,采用瞬时扫描(Instantaneous scan sampling)法对都匀市西山公园笼养猕猴(Macaca mulatta)的行为进行观察和分析。结果表明,笼养猕猴的休息和摄食频次在晴天和阴天差异显著(P<0.05),但晴天行为的发生频次与阴天相似;4个季节的日活动时间中,雄性、雌性猕猴的休息(69.71%)最多、摄食次之、鸣叫最少;雄性猕猴的休息和鸣叫频次在4个季节均高于雌性,而雌性猕猴的移动、梳理和玩耍频次高于雄性;一年中成年猕猴的休息频次最高(62.78%)、青年猕猴的梳理行为频次最高(9.17%)、而幼年猕猴的移动行为频次最高(12.63%)。季节、天气、游客以及猕猴的性别和年龄等影响笼养猕猴日活动的时间分配,以期为动物园猕猴的人工饲养管理提供科学依据。

In order to understand the influencing factors of time allocation and behavioral rhythm of Macaca mulatta,raising the management level of M.mulatta farming in the zoo.FromApril 2017 toMarch 2018,the behavior of M.mulatta in captivity was observed and analyzed by instantaneous scan sampling method in Xishan Park of Duyun City.The results showthat:the resting and feeding frequency of captiveM.mulatta was significantly different between sunny and cloudy days(P<0.05),but the behavior frequency of sunny days was similar to that of cloudy days.In the four seasons,the male and female M.mulatta rest most(69.71%),feed and cry the least.The frequency of resting and chirping of maleM.mulatta was higher than that of femaleMacaca mulatta in four seasons,while the frequency of moving,combing and playing of femaleM.mulattawas higher than that ofmaleM.mulatta.The rest frequency of adultM.mulattawas the highest(62.78%),the combing behavior frequency of young M.mulatta was the highest(9.17%),and the moving behavior frequency of juvenile M.mulatta was the highest(12.63%).Seasons,weather,tourists,and the sex and age of macaques affect the time allocation of activities of captive M.mulatta on the day.It is expected to provide scientific basis for the artificial breeding and management of M.mulatta in the zoo.