主成分分析在洱海水质评价中的应用

Application of Principal Component Analysis in Water Quality Evaluation in Erhai Lake

选取2011—2020年洱海11个测点水质指标的年平均值作为研究数据,借助SPSS 23.0统计分析软件对洱海水质进行主成分分析,找出影响洱海水质的主要因素,分析洱海水质的空间和时间变化特征。按照主成分分析,洱海水质污染主要是富营养化和有机物;洱海中部水质最好,南部次之,北部最差;2011—2014年洱海水质污染变轻,2015—2018年水质污染有加重趋势,2019年、2020年水质持续改善。

In this study,the annual average of water quality indicators at 11 sites in Erhai Lake from 2011 to 2020 was used to identify the main factors affecting the water quality and to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of the water quality of the Lake by principal component analysis method with the help of SPSS 23.0 statistical software.According to principal component analysis,the main causes of water pollution in Erhai Lake were eutrophication and organic matter,while the water quality in the central part of Erhai Lake was the best,followed by the southern part and the northern part of Erhai Lake,and the water pollution in Erhai Lake became lighter in 2011—2014,from 2015—2018,water pollution tended to be worse,and water quality continued to improve in 2019 and 2020.