一种新型改性磷-氮膨胀型阻燃剂的制备及其对聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性能的影响研究

Preparation of a Novel Modified Intumescent Flame Retardant and its Effect on Flame Retardant Properties of Polyurethane Foam

采用新型碳源3-羟基-2,2-二(羟甲基)丙基磷酸钙与多聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺组成磷-氮膨胀型阻燃剂,由壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚表面活性剂/聚丙烯酸酯改性制备一种新型改性磷-氮膨胀型阻燃剂(MIFR),与多元醇和二异氰酸酯等组成的发泡物料混合,制得无卤阻燃聚氨酯泡沫(PUF/MIFR)。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、UL-94垂直燃烧等级、烟密度测试以及扫描电镜(SEM)和光电子能谱仪(XPS)等研究了新型改性磷-氮膨胀型阻燃剂添加量对复合材料阻燃性和燃烧烟密度等的影响,并分析了其阻燃机理。结果显示:在PUF/MIFR复合泡沫中,加入MIFR(质量分数)达到22.5%时,LOI为29.9,UL-94实验等级达到了V-0级,烟密度(SDR)为70;燃烧残渣的微观结构表明,适量MIFR可以促进聚氨酯泡沫中致密膨胀炭层的形成,并促进C-C键和P-C键的生成,有利于提高PU阻燃性能。

A flame retarded rigid PU foam was prepared using polyols and diisocyanates with a novel modified intumescent flame retardant(MIFR)via polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether(surfactant TX-10)/Polyacrylate,and the MIFR included a new carbon source,calcium 3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propyl phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate,melamine phosphorus.The effect of the addition of MIFR on the flame retardancy and smoke density of the PU flame retardant composite composite foams was studied by the limiting oxygen index(LOI),the UL-94(vertical flame)test,smoke density test,SEM and XPS,and the flame retardant mechanism was analyzed.The results showed that when MIFR added to reach 22.5%,the LOI was 29.9%,and the experimental grade of ul-94 reached v-0 and SDR was 70.It also reveals that the addition of MIFR into PU foams could promote formation of compact intumescent charred layers and pure carbon char and P-C bond,which is beneficial to improve the flame retardant performance.