喀斯特山区城乡人类活动强度及其效应时空演变研究

Study on Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Urban and Rural Human Activity Intensity and Its Effect in Karst Mountainous Area

[目的]探究城镇与乡村人类活动强度,以及城镇与乡村地区人类活动的经济效应、生态效应的时空演变,为全面定量评估城乡人类活动机制、生态文明建设与社会经济发展等提供一定理论支撑和决策指引。[方法]通过构建城镇与乡村地区的人类活动强度指数、人类活动强度阈值及人类活动效应等模型方法,对贵州省各地市城乡人类活动强度及阈值演变进行了研究。[结果]2010—2018年,贵州省各地市乡村人类活动强度减弱(降低7.57%~28.57%),城镇人类活动强度增强(增加22.72%~124.83%),城镇人类活动强度大于乡村人类活动强度。各地市乡村人类活动强度最低与最高阈值总体呈降低变化,但多数地市超过最高阈值(1.02~1.62倍),山区土地系统承受较高乡村人类活动强度影响。各地市城镇人类活动强度阈值呈增加变化,2018年城镇人类活动强度趋近最高阈值(0.940~0.997倍),城镇人地系统承受着较大压力。各地市单位城镇人类活动经济效应与单位乡村人类活动生态效应均呈增长变化(年均增长率8.60%~13.53%),单位乡村人类活动生态效应比城镇人类活动经济效应更显著(2.24~14.84倍)。[结论]尽管贵州省乡村人类活动强度呈减弱变化,城镇人类强度及阈值均呈增加变化,但其土地系统承受人类活动强度均较高,单位乡村和城镇人类活动经济与生态效应均增长变化,未来应该继续深入探究城镇与乡村人类活动强度测算方法体系。

[Objective]The aim of this study is to explore the intensity of human activities in urban and rural areas,as well as the temporal and spatial evolution of economic and ecological effects of human activities in urban and rural areas in order to provide certain theoretical support and decision-making guidance for comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of human activity mechanism,ecological civilization construction and socio-economic development in urban and rural areas.[Methods]The intensity and threshold evolution of human activity in urban and rural areas of Guizhou Province were studied by building models of human activity intensity index,human activity intensity threshold and human activity effect in urban and rural areas.[Results]From 2010 to 2018,the intensity of human activities in rural areas of all cities in Guizhou Province decreased(7.57%~28.57%),and the intensity of human activities in urban areas increased(22.72%~124.83%).The intensity of human activities in urban areas was greater than that in rural areas.The minimum and maximum thresholds for rural human activity intensity in all cities have generally decreased,but most cities exceed the maximum threshold(1.02~1.62 times).The land system in mountainous areas bore the impact of higher human activity intensity in rural areas.The threshold of urban human activity intensity in all cities and cities had increased.In 2018,the intensity of urban human activity had approached the highest threshold(0.940~0.997 times),and the urban human-land system was under great pressure.The economic effects of human activities in unit towns and the ecological effects of human activities in unit rural areas in all regions show an increasing trend(annual average growth rate 8.60%~13.53%),and the ecological effect of human activities in unit villages was more significant than that of human activities in cities and towns(2.24~14.84 times).[Conclusion]Although the intensity of human activities in rural areas of Guizhou Province had weakened and the intensity and threshold of human activities in cities and towns had increased,the intensity of human activities sustained by the land system was relatively high,and the economic and ecological effects of human activities in unit villages and towns had increased and changed.In the future,we should continue to explore the system of measuring the intensity of human activities in cities and towns.