健康中国战略下南京市餐饮从业人员健康素养调查研究

Study on the Survey on Health Literacy of Catering Employees in Nanjing Under the Strategy of Healthy China

目的:了解江苏省南京市餐饮从业人员健康素养现状,为更好地开展营养健康餐厅建设提供理论依据。方法:在南京市餐饮从业者中,通过多阶段分层整群随机抽样选取325名人员进行线上问卷调查。调查内容包括个人基本信息、健康素养具备情况及其影响因素等部分。结果:被调查餐饮从业者健康素养的平均知晓率为71.8%,其中健康基本知识与理念、健康态度与生活方式行为、健康技能的平均知晓率分别为75.8%、65.5%、72.6%。被调查对象健康素养整体的具备率为21.2%,其中健康基本知识与理念、健康态度与生活方式行为和健康技能等3个健康素养分类的具备率分别为41.9%、15.7%和8.0%。对健康素养的影响因素分析发现,文化程度是餐饮从业者健康素养的重要影响因素,其健康素养水平随文化程度升高而明显增高;与初中及以下学历相比,高中/中专、大专和本科及以上的OR值分别为5.20(95%CI:1.12~24.12)、9.59(95%CI:2.02~45.44)和13.87(95%CI:2.90~66.22),Pfortrend<0.0001。结论:南京市餐饮从业人员的健康素养水平较低,特别是健康技能。应加强健康教育,普及健康素养相关知识和技能,促进餐饮从业人员健康素养的全面提升;与此同时,还应全面提升烹饪类专业人才培养标准,推动我国健康餐厅的发展,提升在外就餐人员的健康水平,助力健康中国战略的实施。

Objective:This study aims to assess the health literacy status of food service workers in Nanjing,Jiangsu province,to provide a theoretical basis for promoting nutrition and health-focused restaurant construction.Method:Employing a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method,an online questionnaire survey was conducted with 325 food service workers in Nanjing.The survey content includes basic personal information,the level of health literacy and its influencing factors.Result:The average health literacy awareness rate among participants was 71.8%,with average awareness rates of 75.8%,65.5%,and 72.6%for basic health knowledge and concepts,health attitudes and lifestyle behaviors,and health skills,respectively.The overall health literacy mastery rate was 21.2%,with average mastery rates of 41.9%,15.7%,and 8.0%for basic health knowledge and concepts,health attitudes and lifestyle behaviors,and health skills,respectively.Analysis of the influencing factors of health literacy found that education level is an important factor affecting the health literacy of catering practitioners,and their health literacy level significantly increases with the increase of education level.Compared to those with junior high school education or below,the OR values for high school/vocational school,junior college,and undergraduate and above were 5.20(95%CI:1.12~24.12),9.59(95%CI:2.02~45.44),and 13.87(95%CI:2.90~66.22),respectively,with Pfor trend<0.0001.Conclusion:The mastery rate of health literacy among food service workers in Nanjing is relatively low,particularly in health skills.It is essential to intensify health education and promotion,disseminate health literacy-related knowledge and skills,and enhance the overall health literacy of food service workers.At the same time,it is also necessary to comprehensively improve the training standards for culinary professionals,promote the development of healthy restaurants in China,improve the health level of dining personnel outside,and assist in the implementation of the Healthy China strategy.