多原子掺杂蜜胺泡绵基碳电极的制备及其电化学性能

Preparation and electrochemical properties of polyatomic doped melamine foam-based carbon electrodes

利用五氯化铌(niobium pentachloride,NbCl5)对碳化后的蜜胺泡绵(melamine foam,MF)进行活化处理,实现杂原子富集,再进行热处理,获得多原子掺杂的蜜胺泡绵基碳海绵(NbNOCSs).Nb NOCSs具有良好的自支撑三维网状结构,可直接用作单片电极,无需任何添加剂.实验结果表明,NbCl5的活化对提高NbNOCSs电极的电化学性能有着重要作用.与未经NbCl5活化的NbNOCS相比,NbNOCS-1/3(NbCl5与一次碳化的MF的质量比为1∶3)因其独特的孔隙结构、丰富的赝电容活性物质和良好的离子转移特性而表现出更优异的电化学性能.NbNOCS-1/3在电流密度为0.5 A·g^(-1)时表现出173.4 F·g^(-1)的高比电容;在50 A·g^(-1)时有59.49%的高容量保持率;在10 A·g^(-1)电流密度下循环10000次后仍有90.78%的容量保持率,显示出良好的电化学循环性能.

The carbonized melamine foam(MF)was activated by niobium pentachloride(NbCl5)to enrich heteroatoms to obtain polyatomic doped melamine foam-based carbon sponges(NbNOCSs)by heat treatment.NbNOCSs have a good self-supporting three-dimensional network structure.They can be directly used as monolithic electrodes without any additives.The results show that the activation of NbCl5 plays an important role in improving the electrochemical properties of NbNOCSs electrodes.Compared with NbNOCS without NbCl5 activation treatment,NbNOCS-1/3(NbCl5/MF with a primary carbonization weight ratio of 1∶3)shows better electrochemical performance due to its unique pore structures,rich pseudocapacitive active species,and good ion transfer characteristics.Moreover,it exhibits a high specific capacitance(173.4 F·g^(-1)at a current density of 0.5 A·g^(-1))and high capacitance retention(59.49%at 50 A·g^(-1)),as well as a good electrochemical cyclability(90.78%after 10000 cycles at 10 A·g^(-1)).