预警性护理模式对ICU患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防效果

Preventive effect of early warning nursing mode on lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in ICU patients

目的:探讨预警性护理模式对重症监护室(ICU)患者下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的预防效果。方法:选取122例ICU患者作为研究对象,按照护理模式的不同将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各61例。对照组实施ICU血栓防治常规护理模式;观察组在血栓防治常规护理基础上实施预警性护理模式,两组均干预7 d。比较两组干预前后血流动力学指标(血流峰速度、血流平均速度)、血液流变学指标(全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度指标)及DVT风险分级,并比较干预期间两组DVT和血液高凝状态发生率。结果:干预后,两组血流峰速度和血流平均速度指标均升高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度及血浆黏度指标均下降(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组中危、高危及以上比例低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预期间,观察组DVT及血液高凝状态发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:预警性护理能够改善ICU患者血液循环,对于预防下肢DVT发生具有一定作用,值得临床推广。

Objective:To explore the preventive effect of early warning nursing mode on deep venous thrombosis(DVT)of lower extremity in intensive care unit(ICU)patients.Methods:122 ICU patients were selected as the research objects.According to different nursing modes,the patients were divided into control group and observation group,61 cases in each group.The control group implemented the routine nursing mode of ICU thrombosis prevention and treatment,and the observation group implemented the early warning nursing mode on the basis of routine nursing of thrombosis prevention and treatment.Both groups were intervened for 7 days.The hemodynamic indexes[peak blood flow velocity,mean blood flow velocity],hemorheological indexes[whole blood high shear viscosity,whole blood low shear viscosity,plasma viscosity index]and DVT risk classification before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.The incidence of DVT and hypercoagulability during the intervention period was compared between the two groups.Results:After intervention,the peak velocity and average velocity of blood flow were higher than those before the intervention(P<0.05),and the observation group was higher than the control group(P<0.05).The whole blood high shear viscosity,whole blood low shear viscosity and plasma viscosity indexes after intervention were lower than those before intervention(P<0.05),and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the proportion of medium risk,high risk and above in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).During the intervention period,the incidence of DVT and hypercoagulability in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Early warning nursing can improve the blood circulation of ICU patients and play an important role in preventing the occurrence of lower extremity DVT,which is worthy of clinical promotion.