用于生物成像的近红外小分子荧光探针的研究进展

Recent Progress in Near-infrared Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Bioimaging

小分子荧光探针具有灵敏度高、生物相容性好、样品损伤小等优点,在疾病相关的生物分子检测领域显示出巨大潜力。但是,大部分的荧光探针发射波长短、斯托克斯位移较小,限制了其在生物成像中的应用。近年来,越来越多具有较长波长的近红外荧光探针被开发出来,用于疾病相关的生物分子的成像检测。对不同结构的荧光探针进行分类讨论,系统介绍了以花菁、半花菁、氧杂蒽和氟硼吡咯染料为荧光团的近红外探针的研究进展,简要概述近红外小分子荧光探针在对生物分子识别过程中的作用原理和生物成像领域的应用,这对荧光探针的性能提升和未来发展提出新的研究思路。

Small-molecule fluorescent probes show great potential in the detection of disease-related biomolecules as a result of its excellent sensitivity,good biocompatibility,and noninvasive nature.However,most of them have short emission wavelengths and small Stokes shift,which limit their application in biological imaging.Many near-infrared fluorescent probes with long emission wavelengths have been rapidly developed in recent years,and they are applied to image disease-related biomolecules.In this paper,fluorescence probes with different structures were discussed,and near-infrared probes were classified into four types:cyanine,hemicyanine,xanthene and fluoroboron pyrrole.The reaction mechanisms and applications in the field of bioimaging were introduced in detail,and this review would be helpful in designing and developing ideal fluorescent probes for the detection of disease-related biomolecules.