油菜直播机组无人播种作业远程监测系统设计

Remote monitoring system for unmanned sowing operation of rapeseed direct seeding

为解决油菜直播机组无人播种作业过程中田间播种质量信息难以实时直观展示的问题,本研究以雷沃804拖拉机及其搭载的2BYQ-8型气送式油菜直播机为试验平台,设计一套油菜直播机组无人播种作业远程监测系统。该系统由油菜直播机组无人播种作业平台、无人播种作业数据采集系统和播种质量监测云平台三部分构成,通过对雷沃804拖拉机档位、离合、动力输出装置(power take off,PTO)、悬挂机构进行电控液压改装,设计相应控制策略实现直播机组的无人播种作业;利用车载路由器组建播种监测终端和车载计算机之间的局域网,实现对播种数据与导航数据的融合同步,并通过网络连接传输给云平台进行数据存储与实时展示;云平台计算播种质量数据及其对应的田间位置数据,基于网页端高精度地图生成田间作业区域的播种状态图。结果显示,直播机组无人播种作业段横向平均偏差0.037 m,最大偏差0.125 m,电控液压改装系统运行稳定、可靠,满足直播机组无人作业要求,4G网络条件下,云平台通信最大数据传输时延不超过100 ms,云存储数据完整无遗漏,各播种通道田间播量检测准确率不低于96.16%,满足远程监测系统实时性和准确性要求。研究表明,该系统可实现油菜直播机组的田间无人播种作业和对作业区域播种信息的精确采集与直观展示。

A remote monitoring system for unmanned sowing operation of rapeseed direct seeding unit was designed by taking the Reeva 804 tractor and its equipped 2BYQ-8 air-fed rapeseed direct seeding machine as the test platform to solve the problem that it is difficult to display the field sowing quality information in real time and intuitively during the unmanned sowing operation of rapeseed direct seeding unit.The system consists of three parts including unmanned sowing platform,unmanned sowing data collection system and sowing quality monitoring cloud platform.Corresponding control strategies were designed to achieve unmanned sowing operation of the direct seeding unit through the electric and hydraulic modification of the gear,clutch,power take off(PTO),and suspension mechanism of the Lovol 804 tractor.A vehicle mounted router was used to establish a local area network between the seeding monitoring terminal and the on-board computer to realize the fusion and synchronization of seeding data and navigation data.Data were transmitted to cloud platforms through network connections for data storage and real-time display.The cloud platform calculated the seeding quality data and its corresponding field location data,and generated the seeding status map of the field operation area based on the high-precision map on the web page.Results showed that the average lateral deviation of the unmanned sowing operation section of direct seeding unit was 0.037 m,with a maximum deviation of 0.125 m.The electric and hydraulic modification system operates stably and reliably,meeting the unmanned operation requirements of the direct seeding unit.The maximum data transmission time delay of the cloud platform communication did not exceed 100 ms under the 4G network conditions.The cloud storage data is complete without omission,the accuracy of field sowing detection of each sowing channel is not less than 96.16%,meeting the real-time and accuracy requirements of remote monitoring system.It is indicated that the system can realize the unmanned sowing operation of rapeseed oil direct seeding unit in the field and the accurate collection and intuitive display of sowing information in the operation area.It will provide reference for the remote monitoring of rapeseed sowing operation,the analysis and visualization of sowing data.