生计策略选择对农户脱贫稳定性的影响——基于四川大小凉山地区1133个精准脱贫家庭的调查

THE IMPACT OF LIVELIHOOD STRATEGY CHOICES ON THE POVERTY ALLEVIATION STABILITY OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS--Based on a Survey of 1133 Families Lifted out of Poverty in Liangshan Area

基于对脱贫农户连续三年家庭人均收入的动态监测结果(2018—2020年收入是否稳定保持在贫困线1.5倍以上)以及扶贫小额贷款偿还能力调查状况来衡量脱贫稳定性。以家庭支柱成员从事生计活动的类型和时间作为农户生计策略的识别与度量指标,利用课题组在四川大小凉山地区实地调研所得的1133户精准脱贫家庭数据,实证探究生计策略选择对农户脱贫稳定性的影响。结果表明:(1)生计策略影响农户脱贫稳定性,相比自主型生计农户,政策依赖型生计农户家庭脱贫稳定性不足;在自主型生计农户中,相比纯农业经营生计,存在非农就业的多元生计策略更加有助于农户稳定脱贫。(2)生计策略的稳定脱贫效果受到家庭人口特征、建档立卡以及帮扶政策等因素调节,其中农户脱贫发展内生动力激发、政策帮扶推动的家庭经营组织化及产业链融入有助于抑制政策依赖型生计、纯农业经营生计的不稳定脱贫效应。(3)生计策略通过家庭收入结构与收入水平两个渠道对脱贫稳定性产生影响。

The stability of poverty alleviation is measured based on the dynamic monitoring results of the per capita household income for three consecutive years(whether the income stably stays above 1.5 times the poverty line from 2018 to 2020)and the investigation status of the repayment ability of microloans for poverty alleviation of rural households lifted out of poverty.The indicators for the identification and measurement of household livelihood strategies are based on the type and duration of livelihood activities engaged in by household pillar members.Using the data of 1133 families lifted out of poverty obtained from field research in Liangshan area,this paper empirically explores the impact of livelihood strategy choices on the poverty alleviation stability of rural households.The results show that:(1)Livelihood strategies affect the poverty alleviation stability of rural households.Compared with autonomous livelihood households,the poverty alleviation stability of policy-dependent livelihood households is insufficient;among autonomous livelihood,multiple livelihood strategy with non-farm employment is more conductive to stable poverty alleviation than pure agricultural livelihood.(2)The impact of livelihood strategies on poverty alleviation is moderated by household demographic characteristics,whether they are registered impoverished families,and the support policies,among which the stimulation of endogenous motivation of rural households'poverty alleviation development,the organization of household management and the integration of industrial chain promoted by policy support help to suppress the unstable poverty alleviation effect of policy-dependent livelihood and pure agricultural livelihood.(3)Livelihood strategies influence the stability of poverty alleviation through two channels:household income structure and income level.