四川农业大学玉米生态育种的历史与实践

History and Practice of Maize Ecological Breeding in Sichuan Agricultural University

四川农业大学玉米遗传育种研究团队自20世纪90年代以来,提出在西南玉米新品种选育中,以重视和充分利用基因型与环境(G×E)互作为核心,以育种目标多元化、品种布局区域化、品种推广集团化为内涵的“一核三化”生态育种思路,设计并制定了相应的育种技术路线,集成创新了定向高效育种技术体系。本文以过去40年所选育的不同杂优类群骨干自交系及其适宜不同生态区域玉米生产需要的优势杂交种为案例,系统回顾与总结“适时调整或制定西南玉米区不同生态区域育种目标;引进不同生态区域育种所需优良种质,发掘特异优良基因;集成创新技术路线,高效定向培育骨干自交系,选育西南特定生态区域强优势新品种;打造与推广西南特定生态区域强优势玉米新品种群,推动四川及西南玉米产量的不断提高与产业的持续发展”的发展历程与成功实践。

Since the 1990s,the research team of sichuan agricultural university on maize genetic and breeding has designed and practiced an effective breeding technology system,including ecologically complicated conditions,and diverse production models or styles.The system includes one core and three operations:full use of Genetics×Environment(G×E)effects as the core,and operations suitable to different ecological regions with different breeding emphases or objectives,different variety layout maximizing environmental effects,and accordingly different groups of varieties for extensional practice.This paper systematically review and summarize the work in the past 40 years on highly heterotic hybrids bred with different backbone inbred parental lines maximizing heterosis in in different ecological regions in the southwest maize region,including timely adjustment or formulation of breeding targets for different ecological regions;introduction of elite breeding germplasm and exploration of specific genes best for different ecological regions;adaptation of innovative breeding routes orientally using backbone inbred lines for selecting new varieties with maximum advantages specifically for ecological regions;formation of variety groups with maximum heterosis specifically for ecological regions;and adjustment of extensional practice for continuous improvement of maize yield and sustainable development of production in Sichuan basin and southwest China.