能源危机背景下的欧盟气候战略取向:战略竞争的视角

EU Climate Strategy Orientation amid Energy Crisis:Perspective of Strategic Competition

全球气候变化是威胁国家安全的重要风险,而气候行动失败不仅会加剧气候风险,而且会带来更严重的能源危机。欧洲能源危机暴露了欧盟气候战略的脆弱性。欧盟采取了一系列气候政策:通过立法强化节能减排潜力、完善清洁能源存储基础设施、确保碳市场和碳价平稳合理、推动电力部门脱碳公正转型、重构欧盟能源供给和需求。为了维持战略竞争优势,欧盟将气候政策法制化和长期化,以提高能源供应链领域的安全,同时有效平衡产业链领域的开放和安全。欧盟联合七国集团协同推进气候政策的战略转变,强化了发达国家集团与发展中国家集团的战略分歧,对全球气候治理秩序造成了巨大冲击。为了应对欧盟气候战略转变,中国应当坚持立足国情、未雨绸缪和共同但有区别的责任原则,在温室气体减排责任、资金机制、技术转让等领域与欧盟、七国集团弥合分歧,加强对话,从而实现全球气候治理的合作共赢。

Global climate change is an important risk threatening national security.Failure to act on climate change will not only exacerbate climate risks,but also worsen the energy crisis.This article makes a strategic analysis of EU climate policy transformation from five dimensions:international situation,competitors,external threats,competitive objectives,and strategic means.The energy crisis has exposed the fragility of the EU's climate strategy.The EU has,through climate change legislation,strengthened energy conservation and emission reduction potential,improved clean energy storage infrastructure,ensured a stable EU Emission Trading System and reasonable carbon price,promoted fair climate transformation and decarbonization of the power sector,and restructured EU energy supply and demand.To maintain its strategic competitive edge,the EU has legalized its climate policy and made it a long-term climate policy to improve the security of the energy supply chain and strengthen the balance of openness and security in the industrial chain.The EU and G7 have jointly promoted the strategic change of climate policy,which has strengthened the strategic differences between the group of developed countries and the group of developing countries,and caused a huge impact on the global climate governance order.In response to the shift in the EU's climate strategy,China needs to stick to the principle of taking into consideration of its national conditions,prepare for a rainy day and adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities,bridge differences with EU and G7 in such areas as greenhouse gas emission reduction responsibility,financial mechanism,and technology transfer,and strengthen dialogue to achieve a win-win cooperation in global climate governance.