企业数字化转型中的就业结构效应——基于制造业上市企业年报文本挖掘的实证分析

Employment structure effect in enterprises digital transformation:Empirical analysis based on text mining of annual reports of manufacturing industry listed enterprises

后疫情时代,新一代信息技术迅速发展、企业数字化转型加速推进,引发了劳动力市场上技术替人的讨论,科学分析我国企业数字化转型对就业结构变化的影响对于推动产业高质量发展、保持就业形势稳定均至关重要。以2013—2020年中国A股制造业上市公司为研究样本,采用文本挖掘技术构建企业数字化转型指数,对企业数字化转型中的就业结构效应进行了实证检验。研究结果发现:随着企业数字化转型程度的加深,对技术型、服务型、高技能型员工的需求显著增加,而对生产型、低技能员工则产生了显著的替代效应。进一步的异质性检验发现,数字化转型带来的就业结构效应在大型企业、国有企业、东部地区更为显著。为持续发挥企业数字化转型对就业结构的优化作用,促进产业转型与就业良性互动,建议因地制宜建立适应数字化转型的人才政策。

In post epidemic Era,with the rapid development of new generation of information technology and the acceleration of enterprises digital transformation of,discussion of technology replacement in labor market has been once again triggered.It is crucial to promote industrial high-quality development and maintain employment by analysis enterprises digital transformation on employment structure.This paper takes China’s A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2013 to 2020 as a research sample,uses text mining technology to construct an enterprise digital transformation index,and empirically tests the employment structure effect in the digital transformation of enterprises.The results of the study found that with the deepening of enterprises digital transformation,the demand for technical,service-oriented and high-skilled talents has increased significantly,while a significant substitution effect has been generated for production-oriented and low-skilled employees.Further heterogeneity test found that the employment structure effect brought by digital transformation is more significant in large enterprises,state-owned enterprises,and the eastern region.In order to continue play the role of enterprises digital transformation on employment structure and promote the positive interaction between industrial transformation and employment,it is recommended to establish a talent policy that adapts to digital transformation according to local conditions.