营商环境评价体系的有效性:识别、完善与检验——兼论人民民主理论在营商环境评测工具建构中的应用

Effectiveness of business environment evaluation systems:identification,improvement and testing:Also discuss the application of people’s democratic theory in the construction of business environment evaluation tools

理论与应用研究中,营商环境评价指标多选择客观指标(理论研究者普遍应用)和主客观复合指标(政府普遍采用),无法与《优化营商环境条例》(以下简称“条例”)规定的,依据市场主体和社会公众满意度的主观评价逻辑相衔接,不能全面覆盖营商环境内容。权重设计因缺少规范的程序和方法也导致其信度提升空间较大。创新评测工具,选择顺应人民民主的主观评价指标,并应用主观赋权法确定权重是解决上述问题的主要思路。运用新工具对辽宁、浙江两省营商环境质量进行评测,结果与相关研究的定性判断趋同,与实践认知相符。表明只有应用符合条例逻辑的评测工具才能体现更全面、真实评价。评价工具的有效性取决于同人民民主的融合度,应成为识别评测工具问题及如何完善的主要标准。

In theoretical and applied research,the business environment evaluation indicators mostly select objective indicators(commonly used by theoretical researchers)and subjective and objective composite indicators(commonly used by the government),which cannot be connected with the subjective evaluation logic based on market subjects and social public satisfaction specified in the Regulation on Optimizing Business Environment(hereinafter referred to as the Regulation),and cannot fully cover the content of the business environment.Due to the lack of standardized procedures and methods,the weight design has a large room for reliability improvement.Innovative evaluation tools,the selection of subjective evaluation indicators that conform to people’s democracy,and the application of subjective empowerment methods to determine weights are the main ideas to solve the above problems.The new tool was used to evaluate the quality of business environment in Liaoning and Zhejiang provinces,and the results converge with the qualitative judgment of relevant studies and were consistent with practical cognition.It shows that only the application of evaluation tools that conform to the logic of regulations can reflect a more comprehensive and authentic evaluation.The effectiveness of evaluation tools depends on the degree of integration with people’s democracy and should become the main criterion for identifying problems with evaluation tools and how to improve them.