贫困生就业帮扶政策获得感及其影响因素研究——基于史密斯政策执行过程模型的分析

Students:Analysis Based on Smith’s Policy Implementation Process Model

获得感是衡量贫困生就业帮扶政策执行实效的重要标尺。调查发现:贫困生就业帮扶政策获得感整体处于中等稍高水平,外生获得感高于内生获得感;不同性别、学校类型、贫困类型及就业年限贫困生间的获得感存在差异。回归分析发现,政策的科学性与可行性是影响贫困生政策获得感的关键因素;外生获得感受执行部门、执行方式等“硬因素”影响,内生获得感受执行者素质、贫困生政策倾向、制度环境等“软因素”影响。在理想化政策层面,应以科学性和可行性为原则,优化贫困生就业帮扶政策的顶层设计;在执行机构层面,应明确执行部门权责,健全政策执行方式,提升政策执行者素养;在目标群体层面,应提升目标群体认知程度,增强其政策参与意愿;在政策环境层面,应改善政策执行环境,夯实政策执行基础。

The sense of gain is an important yardstick to measure the effectiveness of the implementation of the employment assistance policy for poor students.After investigating,it was found that the overall sense of access to employment assistance policies of poor students was at a slightly higher level,and the external sense was higher than the internal sense of access.There are differences in the sense of obtaining employment assistance policies among poor students of different gender,school type,poverty type and employment years.Through regression analysis,it is found that the scientific nature and feasibility of the policy are the key factors that affect the sense of access of the employment assistance policy for poor students.At the same time,the exogenous sense of gain is mainly affected by the“hard factors”such as the executive department and the way of implementation,while the endogenous sense of gain is mainly affected by the“soft factors”such as the quality of the executive,the policy tendency of the poor students,and the institutional environment.In this regard,at the level of idealized policies,we should optimize the top-level design of employment assistance policies for poor students based on the principles of scientificity and feasibility.At the level of executive agencies,it is necessary to clarify the rights and responsibilities of executive departments,improve policy implementation methods and improve the quality of policy executors.At the level of target groups,the awareness of target groups should be improved and their willingness to participate in policy should be strengthened.At the policy environment level,the policy implementation environment should be improved and the policy implementation foundation should be consolidated.