国家职业教育标准体系及优化研究

A Research on Optimization of National Framework for Vocational Education Standards

在我国百年未有之大变局和中华民族伟大复兴的关键时期,职业教育服务中国式现代化建设,体现经济社会和人的全面发展需求,面向供给侧结构性改革为主线的新技术、新业态、新经济培养技术技能人才,加快完善标准体系建设意义重大。分析了影响职业教育的内部和外部标准,基于人才培养周期,构建了条件准入、教学过程和质量评价的国家职业教育标准体系框架,并分析了各部分标准之间的逻辑关系,提出了完善国家职业教育标准框架,建立“横向融通、纵向贯通、内外联通”职业教育标准体系;加强“元标准”的研制水平,规范标准建设技术路径,提升研制人员标准化工作能力;形成具有中国特色的标准建设机制,加强标准管理效能;探索国际职业教育标准认证体系等优化建议,推进国家职业教育标准建设进入从有到优的新阶段,服务科教兴国战略。

In the critical period of the world experiencing a level of change unseen in a century and China setting its goal of achieving national rejuvenation,vocational education plays an important role in Chinese modernization,incorporating the requirements from the economy,society,and comprehensive development individuals.From the perspective of supporting supply-side structural reform,vocational education develops technicians and professionals to meet the skills requirements for new technologies,new business patterns,and new economies.Therefore,it is of great significance to accelerate the improvement of standards in vocational education.This paper analyzes the internal and external standards that affect vocational education.On the basis of talent training cycle,a national framework for vocational education standards is constructed to cover such three sections as entry requirements,teaching and learning processes,and quality evaluation.The paper also analyzes the logical relationships between each section of the standards,and concludes that the framework for national vocational education standards should be improved to formulate integrative and progressive pathways both at home and abroad.To fulfill this purpose,it is suggested that efforts should be made in developing“meta-standard”,by formulating the technical procedures for standard development and enhancing professional competences of standards researchers.A mechanism with Chinese characteristics is proposed to support the construction of standards and the effectiveness of standard management.International qualifications benchmarking in vocational education could be studied to obtain experiences for optimizing the standards.These measures may enable the development of national framework for vocational education standards to enter a new stage from“existence”to“excellence”and to better serve the strategy of revitalizing the country through science and education.