2017-2021年东北春玉米中熟组区域试验中 先玉335农艺性状及产量表现

Performance of Agronomic Characters and Yield of Maize Xianyu 335 in Regional Test of Spring Maize Medium Maturity Group in Northeast China from 2017 to 2021

为了综合评价玉米品种先玉335在国家区域试验中的表现情况,分析其近5年的生育期、农艺性状及产量变化情况,并对其变异系数和显著性进行分析。结果表明,种子萌发期干旱使玉米出苗期、抽雄期、吐丝期、成熟期延后;气候变化导致年度间各性状变异系数表现为秃尖长>穗位>株高>产量>百粒重>穗长>出籽率>穗行数,秃尖变化最大,其次是穗位、株高、产量。变异系数小于5%的有穗长、穗行数、百粒重、出籽率的,说明这几个性状较稳定,在2018-2019年春季干旱少雨,夏季降雨量也较少的情况下对气候变化不敏感。2017年茎腐病发病率较高,为13.65%。2018年种子出苗期遭遇干旱,拔节期、灌浆期降雨量过多,极端天气造成空秆率较高,为3.43%,产量较低,为11770.50 kg·hm^(-2),其他年份产量较平稳。2020年遭遇台风倒折、倒伏率较高。说明不同年份先玉335性状表现不同,可利用其优良性状组配新的杂交组合,培育出高产、优质玉米新品种。

In order to comprehensively evaluate the performance of maize variety Xianyu 335.In this study,maize Xianyu 335 was used as material to measure growth period,agronomic characters and yield in recent 5 years,and its coefficient of variation and significance were analyzed.The result showed that the seeding stage,tasseling stage,spinning stage and maturity stage of maize were delayed due to the drought environment during seed germination stage.The inter-annual coefficient of variation caused by climate change of these traits sorted in descending order was bald tip length>panicle position>plant height>yield>100-grain weight>panicle length>seed yield>panicle row number.The variation coefficient of bald tip was highest,followed by that of those traits including ear position,plant height,and yield.The coefficient of variation of panicle length,panicle rows,100-grain weight,and seed yield was less than 5%,indicating that these traits were relatively stable and not sensitive to climate change in the case of dry spring and less rain in summer from 2018 to 2019.The incidence of stalk rot disease was 13.65%in 2017.In 2018,drought environment at seed emergence stage,and excessive rainfall at jointing stage and grain filling stage,caused a high empty rod rate of 3.43%and a low yield of 11770.50 kg·ha^(-1),while the yield in other years was stable.Typhoon occurred in 2020,led to a high inversion and lodging rate.The results indicated that the characters of Xianyu 335 were different in 5 years,and the new hybrid combinations with its excellent characters can be used for the breeding of new varieties.